Wheat straw fibers

Other collaborations like this one have produced a Dow product called Wood-stalk, a formaldehyde-free polyurethane resin particleboard from a harvested wheat straw fiber, a renewable resource. Dow acknowledges the importance of stakeholder collaboration in their business strategy. Green building practices... 

Wetting wood fiber agents, 161 Wheat fiber, 82 Wheat straw fiber, 86 White rot fungi, 418, 419, 436 Whiteness, 615... 

Panthapulakkal and Sain [10] reported better interfacial bonding between wheat straw fibers to HOPE compared to corncob and corn stalk fibers. They attributed this to more-lignin type and carbon rich hydrophobic surface of wheat straws compared to the other agro-based fillers. They observed higher percentage of silica on the wheat straw fiber surface than the other fibers. 

M. Sain and S. Panthapulakkal, Bioprocess preparation of wheat straw fibers and their characterization. Ind. Crops Prod. 23, 1-8 (2006). 

S. Panthapulakkal, A. Zereshkian and M. Sain, Prepcffation cuid chcffacterization of wheat straw fibers for reinforcing application in injection molded thermoplastic composites. Bioresource Technol. 97, 265-272 (2006). 

Pan, M.-Z., Zhou, D.-G., Deng, J., and Zhang, S.Y. (2009) Preparation and properties of wheat straw fiber-polypropylene composites. 1. Investigation of surface treatments on the wheat straw fiber. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.,... 

Chen et al. [69] individualized cellulose nanofibers from wood, bamboo and wheat straw fibers using chemical processes to remove lignin and hemiceUulose followed by the mechanical process of high-intensity ultrasonication. The diameters of the isolated nanofibers after 30 min of ultrasonication at 1000 W were obtained from FE-SEM images. The lateral size of cellulose nanofibers from wood, bamboo and wheat straw was 10-20nm, 10-40nm, 15-35nm, respectively. 

Kaushik and collaborators [37] obtained cellulose nanofibers from the wheat straw fibers using steam explosion (NaOH 10-12% solution and fiber/solution of 1 10), bleaching with 8% (v/v) solution, acid hydrolysis with 10% HCl (IN) and mechanical treatment. After the treatment it was possible to obtain mechanical defibrillation of cellulose nanofibers, which presented diameters between 10 and 60nm. The addition of these nanofibers to the starch thermoplastic matrix improved the barrier and mechanical properties of the nanocomposites. 

Potential resources of xylans are by-products produced in forestry and the pulp and paper industries (forest chips, wood meal and shavings), where GX and AGX comprise 25-35% of the biomass as well as annual crops (straw, stalks, husk, hulls, bran, etc.), which consist of 25-50% AX, AGX, GAX, and CHX [4]. New results were reported for xylans isolated from flax fiber [16,68], abaca fiber [69], wheat straw [70,71], sugar beet pulp [21,72], sugarcane bagasse [73], rice straw [74], wheat bran [35,75], and jute bast fiber [18]. Recently, about 39% hemicelluloses were extracted from vetiver grasses [76]. 

Amaranth T. versicolor ATCC 20869 Wheat straw, jute, hemp, maple woodchips, nylon, polyethylene teraphthalate fibers [44]... 

Wheat straw, jute, hemp, maple woodchips, and nylon and polyethylene ter-aphthalate fibers were tested for surface immobilization and decolorization of Amaranth by T. versicolor ATCC 20869 [44], They found that fungus immobilized on jute, straw, and hemp decolorized amaranth without glucose being added. Decolorization efficiency increased when 1 g/L glucose was added. 

Recent studies have proven ethanol to be an ideal liquid fuel for transportation and renewable lignocellulosic biomass to be an attractive feedstock for ethanol fuel production by fermentation (1,2). The major fermentable sugars from hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass, such as rice and wheat straw, sugarcane bagasse, corn stover, corn fiber, softwood, hardwood, and grasses, are D-glucose and D-xylose except that softwood... 

Chiang VL, Funaoka M, Wang X (1988) Structural changes of lignin is soda and soda-AQ deligmfication of wheat straw Nonwood plant fiber pulping series No 18, Tappi Press, Atlanta, GA, 51-55... 

Current research indicates that there is a growing interest in natural fibers. Natural fibers Ifom jute were tested in thermosetting and thermoplastic resins. Lignin fillers were used in phenol-formaldehyde, SBR, SBS, and S1S ° and with good results. The opportunities for applications of natural fibers in industrial products have been the subject of recent reviews. Cellulose whiskers with a high reinforcing value were obtained from wheat straw. " Wood fibers were found applicable to such diverse materials as polypropylene... 

Other lignin applications of NIR included research on flax fiber [148], compost prepared from wheat straw and chicken litter [149], hard red winter and spring wheat [150], and degradation of plant cell walls by white-rot fungi [151]. 

U.S. Pat. No. 6,942,829 [72] discloses a method of forming a polymer-wood composite material comprising 20-80% by weight of cellulose filler such as hardwood fiber, softwood fiber, hemp, jute, rice hulls, and wheat straw, 20-80% of a thermoplastic polymer such as polypropylene, polyethylene, polyamides, polyesters, and other polymers, 0.1-10% of a blend of a nonionic compatibilizer and a lubricant. 

TABLE 10.3 Effect of short and long fiber (wheat straw) on the coefficient of expansion-contraction of a polypropylene-based composite in the —40 to +25°C temperature range [3]... 

Presentations in this volume come from chemists, medical researchers, and microbiologists, as well as nutritionists and food scientists. In a few cases, rather exotic fiber types such as tobacco fiber, wheat straw lignin, or shellfish aminopolysaccharides are discussed. Other sources include psyllium, different legumes, and vegetable and fruit fibers. There is no doubt that additional unconventional fiber sources will be continuously identified and increasingly used. 

However, there has been some interesting work in the USA on soybean, as a potential source of TS binder resins. These resins are being developed by the United Soybean Board, St Louis, Missouri, USA, under the name Proteinol. They are made from various waste cellulosic fibers tightly bound with various soy protein/phenolic binder systems. Fillers can be agricultural crop wastes such as wheat straw, corn, bagasse, kenaf, or hemp, forest waste products such as wood fibers, shavings, sawdust or chips, and shredded newsprint, de-inked office paper, and other recycled products. Extruded and compression molded shapes are being produced, which can be nailed, drilled, sawn, routed, sanded, painted and stained. 

Amongst agricultural productions, wheat is the second most cultivated cereal plant worldwide. Wheat straw is the main by-product of cereal harvest and is primarily used as fodder for animals [1]. It consists of relatively large number of elements, including the actual fibers, parenchymal cells, vessel elements, and epi-... 

Also, agricultural plant materials such as com stalk, rice stalk, wheat straw and grass have been investigated as a potential resource for natural fibers since they are inexpensive, economically friendly. 

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