Nonwood plants

Chiang VL, Funaoka M, Wang X (1988) Structural changes of lignin is soda and soda-AQ deligmfication of wheat straw Nonwood plant fiber pulping series No 18, Tappi Press, Atlanta, GA, 51-55... 

Bagby, M. 0. "Kenaf A Practical Fiber Resource", Atlanta, Ga.. TAPPI Press Reports Nonwood Plant Fiber Pulping Progress Report No. 8, 1977. 

Nonwood plant fibers made from various plants have been proposed as reinforcements for polymer systems. Some of these plant fibers offer advantages over wood, especially in the way they increase tensile strength similarly to higher-density, less-environmentally-friendly glass fiber. But many plant fiber reinforcements remain in the research and development phase until problems with moisture absorption, low processing temperatures, and economies of scale (and other cost issues) are resolved. 

Atchison JE (1996) Twenty-five years of global progress in nonwood plant fiber repuiping. TAPPI J 79(10) 87-95... 

Tapin S, SigoUlot J-C, Asther M, Petit-Conil M (2006) Feruloyl esterase utilization for simultaneous processing of nonwood plants into phenolic compounds and pulp fibers. J Agric Food Chem 54 3697-3703... 

Munawar SS, Umemura K, Kawai S. Characterization of morphological, physical and mechanical properties of seven nonwood plant fiber bundles. J Wood Sci 2007 53 ... 

Although wood is certainly the most important industrial source of cellulosic fibers, competition from different sectors such as the building products and furniture industries and the pulp and paper industry, as well as the combustion of wood for energy, makes it challenging to supply all users with the quantities of wood needed at reasonable cost. Besides this, many regions do not have wood available, turning its options to nonwood cellulose. For this reason, fibers from crops such as flax, hemp, sisal, and others, especially from by-products of these different plants, are... 

Natural fiber-reinforced PLA composites are attractive because both the reinforcement (natural fiber) and matrix (PLA) are obtained from renewable resources. Natural fibers are considered as environment friendly alternatives to conventional reinforcing fibers such as glass, carbon, aramid, and so on. Natural fibers can be subdivided into three categories plant (cotton, jute, flax, hemp, etc.), animal (wool, silk, etc.), and mineral fibers (asbestos, inorganic whiskers, etc.). Generally, plant fibers are more popularly used as natural fiber reinforcements. Of these fibers, the most used are flax, jute, sisal, ramie, hemp, kenaf, and cotton. Plant fibers can generally be classified as nonwood (vegetable fibers) and wood fibers [20]. 

Nonwood fibers are annual fibers obtained from various monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants. Nonwood fibers include straw, grass, bast, leaf, and fruit fibers. During 1996-1997, world paper consumption was about 300 million tons... 

---