What is Involved

Introduction to Macromolecular Crystallography, Second Edition By Alexander McPherson Copyright 2009 John Wiley Sons, Inc. 

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Note that in this TDGH-DVR formulation of quantum dynamics, the inclusion of the geometric phase effects through the addition of a vector potential is veiy simple and the calculations can be carried out with about the same effort as what is involved in the ordinary scattering case. 

It also has interesting historical roots and, as we shall see, it raises fundamental questions regarding the boundary conditions at the wall, which apparently are not widely understood. We shall therefore investigate what is involved in formulating and solving this problem. 

R. E. Maples and M. J. Hyland, "What Is Involved in Major Venture Financing" Cbem. Eng. Progr. (fan. 1980). 

G Arethere perfunctory approvals - authorizations without understanding what is Involved ... 

If a molecule contains more than two atoms it is not so easy to decide whether it is polar or nonpolar. In this case, not only bond polarity but also molecular geometry determines the polarity of the molecule. To illustrate what is involved, consider the molecules shown in Figure 7.11. 

A]n analytical framework for understanding what is involved for poliey makers, and for seience teachers, when they shape answers to the question What eounts as seienee education ... 

To determine molecular motions in real time necessitates the application of a time-ordered sequence of (at least) two ultrafast laser pulses to a molecular sample the first pulse provides the starting trigger to initiate a particular process, the break-up of a molecule, for example whilst the second pulse, time-delayed with respect to the first, probes the molecular evolution as a function of time. For isolated molecules in the gas phase, this approach was pioneered by the 1999 Nobel Laureate, A. H. Zewail of the California Institute of Technology. The nature of what is involved is most readily appreciated through an application, illustrated here for the photofragmentation of iodine bromide (IBr). 

Process engineering is the procedure whereby a means for producing a given substance is created or modified. To understand what is involved one must be familiar with chemical plants. 

To appreciate what is involved if opinions and interpretation form part of the scope of accreditation. 

Among all the other aspects of increasing understanding of what is involved in the evaluation and development of biologically derived therapeutics has been a very real evolution of what is needed to evaluate the safety of these products. In the beginning, there was a stark duality of expectations. On one side, early advocates of... 

In view of the range of conclusions which will be derived from the approximate identification of EV2 with E0 it is appropriate to clarify what is involved. We mean here that EV2 = E6 + x the term x is omitted in the subsequent treatment because, as we will show below, it is both small and approximately constant under the relevant conditions. From the theory of polarography it follows that for reversible, one-electron systems... 

Look up in a reference book and explain exactly what is involved in taking and preserving a sample of soil to be analyzed for nitrate. 

The majority of healthy volunteer studies are conducted by contract research organisations (CROs), which recruit subjects from the general public by advertising and word of mouth. The composition of the volunteer database depends to some extent on the location, some being comprised mainly of students or the local residential population, others, particularly in large cities, having a preponderance of backpackers and temporary workers. The source of volunteers does have implications for safety, motivation and withdrawal rates. The more itinerant volunteers may not be available for follow-up and little may be known about their medical background. While the professional volunteer is wholly inappropriate, a stable population of volunteers who understand what is involved... 

On the other hand, remineralisation may occur at such a rate that the surface layer is retained (Table 2). This requires continuous renewal of ions, either from among those newly solubilised or from those present anyway in the saliva. This process has been discussed in terms of thermodynamics, in particular of the solubilities of the various possible calcium phosphate salts [34]. The present authors are wary of this approach, as what is involved is essentially a kinetic... 

Although the structure and components of high vacuum systems (h.v.s.) will be discussed in detail in Chapter 2, it is essential for an understanding of what follows to give here an outline of what is involved (see Fig. 2.1.). 

Also, the small particle size so desirable in situations where there must be penetration into closed spaces such as gymnasium lockers or desk drawers, at the same time facilitates penetration into cupboards which contain food or eating utensils. However, these items may often be sealed in, or tightly covered, and table tops are easily cleaned. The operator must bear all these things in mind and proceed with full knowledge of what is involved. 

Because CPATs aren t the same at every department, it s important to find out in advance what is involved in the test you will be taking. One thing you should know is whether you will have to perform the test in heavy gear, such as boots, gloves, helmet, turnout coat, and SCBA. Not all fire departments require the gear, but if they do, it s best to practice for the test wearing clothing that is similarly heavy and restrictive. 

As an example of what is involved in a public-speaking course, the following excerpts are from the syllabus for a course on Effective Speech-Making given at the City University of New York. 

The chapter concludes by reviewing what is Involved in being effective and being yourself, and what is entailed in this kind of personal development. 

Clinical trials have become the primary means to evaluate the safety of prescription drugs. They are required not only before approval but also after approval, when trials continue to identify any unrecognized problems. To encourage people to participate in these trials, the FDA describes what is involved and the benefits they provide in this document, updated on July 11, 2009. 

Figure 11.13 Relative aqueous free energies (eV) for various species on different reductive dechlorination paths of hexachloroethane as computed by Patterson and co-workers The relative energies are properly balanced, although for simplicity spectator species are not shown in every case. What is involved in achieving this balance for energy What about free energy ...

Chemists have found a way to simplify the problem of determining and analyzing rate laws that depend on the concentrations of more than one substance. To see what is involved, let s consider the rate law for the overall second-order oxidation of iodide ions, Eq. 8. Suppose we start... 

What is involved in the calculation of modulus First, we mean by modulus in materials science a relation between stress and strain in a bulk sample under practical conditions. This means in effect a testing rate or frequency usually less than a few kilohertz or at the most in the ultrasonic region of, say, 10 MHz. We also suppose the sample to be a representative volume element of size suitable for the test method and we assume its elastic properties to be uniform over this RVE. 

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