Wetting properties effect

Good detergency and wetting properties. Effective in low-pH shampoos and conditioning systems, as well as alkaline media. For use in gels, liquids or emulsions. 

By virtue of their simple stnicture, some properties of continuum models can be solved analytically in a mean field approxunation. The phase behaviour interfacial properties and the wetting properties have been explored. The effect of fluctuations is hrvestigated in Monte Carlo simulations as well as non-equilibrium phenomena (e.g., phase separation kinetics). Extensions of this one-order-parameter model are described in the review by Gompper and Schick [76]. A very interesting feature of tiiese models is that effective quantities of the interface—like the interfacial tension and the bending moduli—can be expressed as a fiinctional of the order parameter profiles across an interface [78]. These quantities can then be used as input for an even more coarse-grained description. 

Ethers, esters, amides and imidazolidines containing an epithio group are said to be effective in enhancing the antiwear and extreme pressure peiformance of lubricants. Other uses of thiiranes are as follows fuel gas odorant (2-methylthiirane), improvement of antistatic and wetting properties of fibers and films [poly(ethyleneglycol) ethers of 2-hydroxymethyl thiirane], inhibition of alkene metathesis (2-methylthiirane), stabilizers for poly(thiirane) (halogen adducts of thiiranes), enhancement of respiration of tobacco leaves (thiirane), tobacco additives to reduce nicotine and to reduce phenol levels in smoke [2-(methoxymethyl)thiirane], stabilizers for trichloroethylene and 1,1,1-trichloroethane (2-methylthiirane, 2-hydroxymethylthiirane) and stabilizers for organic compounds (0,0-dialkyldithiophosphate esters of 2-mercaptomethylthiirane). The product of the reaction of aniline with thiirane is reported to be useful in the flotation of zinc sulfide. 

Studies 6.le and f. Effect of water temperature on wetting properties... 

The effectiveness of surfactants in overcoming the hydrophobic effect of magnesium stearate may not be a result solely of an increase in the wetting properties of the bulk phase. Compared to putting the surfactant in the dosage form, Botzolakis [71] and Wang and Chowhan [135] found that adding an equivalent amount of surfactant to the dissolution medium was not effective. The possible impact of the surfactant at... 

This same technique should be helpful in understanding wetting properties important in the oil industry since wetting is very dependent on mineral surface energies. The use of contact angle hysteresis information may allow a better understanding of the effects of surface heterogeneities of natural mineral samples. The dynamic Wilhelmy plate technique is ideally suited for such experiments ... 

A summary of how physiological factors affect the dissolution rate is given in Table 21.2. The effective surface area will be affected by the wetting properties of the bile acids and other surface-active agents in the gastrointestinal tract. The dif-fusivity of a drug molecule in the intestinal juice will be altered by changes in viscosity that are induced, for instance, by meal components. An increased dissolution rate could be obtained at more intense intestinal motility patterns or increased... 

To ensure that a liquid metal is completely disintegrated into droplets before the initiation of any solidification in the gap, the heat transfer between the liquid metal and the rolls must be minimized. Materials with low thermal conductivity and poor wetting properties have been found to have the most significant effect on reducing the heat transfer. Epoxy and phenolic resin coatings have been applied to... 

F. Effect of Surface Tension of the Liquid and the Wetting Properties of the... 

Microstructures of CLs vary depending on applicable solvenf, particle sizes of primary carbon powders, ionomer cluster size, temperafure, wetting properties of carbon materials, and composition of the CL ink. These factors determine the complex interactions between Pt/carbon particles, ionomer molecules, and solvent molecules, which control the catalyst layer formation process. The choice of a dispersion medium determines whefher fhe ionomer is to be found in solubilized, colloidal, or precipitated forms. This influences fhe microsfrucfure and fhe pore size disfribution of the CL. i It is vital to understand the conditions under which the ionomer is able to penetrate into primary pores inside agglomerates. Another challenge is to characterize the structure of the ionomer phase in the secondary void spaces between agglomerates and obtain the effective proton conductivity of the layer. 

Rosen s group reported also the effect of POE chain length on wetting properties (4). 

The visualization study of Yang et al. further revealed the profound effects of wetting properties of gas channel walls. In a gas channel surrounded by mixed hydrophilic channel surfaces and hydro-phobic GDL surface, it was found that water conden-... 

DN. The dinitro general contact weed killers are usually formulated with some oil. In these, the oil serves as both solvent and filming agent. The emulsifier is usually also incorporated to stabilize the emulsion and give wetting properties. To lower costs and conserve oil, it is desirable to use the minimum effective volume in these sprays. Possibly some of the penetrating oils may fit into this n ed. No research is known that is designed specifically to find the best oil for this purpose. 

It has long been known that detergents increase the effectiveness of auxin herbicides. This may now be interpreted as perhaps not due entirely to the wetting properties of the detergents and it would be of interest to compare fatty acid ester detergents with those not containing fatty acid groups in herbicide trials. 

The wetting properties of the particles play a crucial role in flotation. We have already discussed the equilibrium position of a particle in the water-air interface (Section 7.2.2). The higher the contact angle the more stably a particle is attached to the bubble (Eq. 7.19) and the more likely it will be incorporated into the froth. Some minerals naturally have a hydrophobic surface and thus a high flotation efficiency. For other minerals surfactants are used to improve the separation. These are called collectors, which adsorb selectively on the mineral and render its surface hydrophobic. Activators support the collectors. Depressants reduce the collector s effect. Frothing agents increase the stability of the foam. 

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