Weeds ecology

Murphy, S. D. (2001). The role of pollen allelopathy in weed ecology. Weed Technology 15 867-872. 

Shepherd, M. A., Harrison, R. and Webb, J. 2002. Managing soil organic matter - implications for soil structure on organic farms. Soil Use and Management 18(3 [Supplement]) 284-292. Sheppard, A.W. 2000. Weed ecology and population dynamics. In Sindel, B.M. (ed.) Australian... 

Biological systems produce an extremely wide variety of natural products. This ecological and genetic diversity offers researchers a vast index of compounds to search for innovative weed management agents. 

M. A. Altieri and M. Liebman, eds.. Weed Management in Mgroecogystems Ecological Approaches, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Pla., 1988. 

Early Neolithic peoples domesticated the more productive local plants, cared for them m densely planted plots, protected them from animals and other plants (weeds) and haiwested the results. Likewise they tamed, bred and cared for local animals and ate them as they deemed fit. In the cases of cattle, horses, sheep and goats, milk and its products became staple foods. In some places larger domestic animals became beasts of burden. For very sound ecological reasons, agriculture allowed even early farmers to lib-... 

Ecological planning in this context will help to avoid ecological disasters (e.g. excessive weed growth in stored water) and maximize the life span of the benefits derived from the development. It will be clear that this holistic approach to development has economic as well as ecological advantages. 

Koocheki, A., Nassir, M., Zare, A. Alimoradi, L. (2002) Weed Dynamics of Conventional and Ecological Cropping Systems in Different Rotations with Wheat. Proceedings of the 14th IFOAM Organic World Congress, Victoria BC, Canada, p. 59. 

Rhoades D (1979) Evolution of plant chemical defenses against herbivores. In Rosenthal GA, Janzen DH (eds) Herbivores. Academic, New York, pp 4-54 Richardson MG (1971) The ecology and physiological aspects of Antarctic weed dwelling amphi-pods (Preliminary report, II). British Antarctic Survey Report N9/1971(-72)/H l-16 Richardson MG (1975) The dietary composition of some Antarctic fish. Br Antarct Surv Bull 41/42 113-120... 

The development of resistance to pesticides by insects and herbicides by weeds poses a further ecological barrier for the industry. Industry analysts estimate that pests usually develop effective resistance to any new pesticide in less than ten years. This means new compounds must constantly be researched and run through the EPA registration process to replace those active ingredients that become useless, in addition to those that lose their patents or are banned by the FQPA. 

Planting native species in the yard to replace turfgrass represents an effort to restore traditional and locally viable ecological communities on a small scale. Such species include not only historic and prehistoric forest species mixes (oak-hickory, and beech-maple for example), but also wddflower meadows, as well as tall and shortgrass prairie. The advantages of such landscapes are that they tend to be low-maintenance, resist weeds, and attract birds and other wildlife. Native landscaping also can be used to produce yards with fmit, nut and berry... 

Baker, H. G. (1974). The evolution of weeds. Annual Review of Ecological Systems 5 1-24. 

Richmond, Douglas S., Parwinder S. Grewal, and John Cardina. (2004). Billbug infestations increase weed invasions in lawns. Wooster, OH Ohio State University - Urban Landscape Ecology Program (ULEP) 8-9. This is an extension paper published by ULEP in WOOSTER. 

Baker, H. G. (1974). The evolution of weeds. Annual Review of Ecological Systems 5 1-24. Brady N. C. (1984). The nature and properties of soil. New York Macmillan Book Co. Emmons, R. D. (2000). Turfgrass science and management. Albany Delmar. 

At the Ohio State University (OSU), the Urban Landscape Ecology Project (ULEP) and all of its affiliated faculty and staff have been a source of constant help and inspiration, especially John Cardina who believes weeds are nature too. Susan Clayton at College of Wooster has been a terrific partner in this research, as has ULEP s guiding spirit, Parwinder Grewal. 

Fourthly, ecological and economic issues have proved important factors in selection of species for genomic sequencing. The weed Arabidopsis is not only an important experimental species for plant biologists but also plants in general are of enormous importance to us. Getting the rice, Oryza, genome was driven by the commercial importance of this plant as a key component of the human diet. 

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