Graphitic acid

Graphite acid salts have been considered in terms of possible practical applications. Their potential as useful electrodes in high-energy-density batteries has been reviewed (AS), as well as their potential usefulness as chemical reagents (B14). 

Graphite oxide (GO) is a collective name for covalent layered C—O—H compounds made by oxidation of graphite in strong acids. First mentioned in 1859, the nomenclature varies—graphitic acid, graphite oxyhydroxide, carbon oxide and pyrogra-phitic acid are outdated synonyms for GO. 

A large number of inorganic layer crystals such as micas, sodium silicates, niobate, uranate, vanadate, titanate, zirconium phosphate, graphitic acids, crystalline silicic acids, vanadium oxyhydrate, calcium phosphoric acid esters, and titanium disulfide develop alkyl crystals between their rigid crystal layers by ion exchange with, for example, alkyl ammonium salts and by intercalation inorganic... 

Hysteresis in the vapour tension isotherms was found in the systems gelatin-water, starch-water, agar-water and many others. It is to be noted that it has been also observed in the equilibria of swollen graphitic acid with water where the water is known to be absorbed in the crystalline lattice of the substance, thus clearly demonstrating, as Katz justly remarks, that capillary condensation as an explanation is a failure. 

These include, notably, the layer lattices which cohere in two directions by primary valences and in the third by secondary valences examples, which we shall later discuss in greater detail, are Cdl2, M0S2, Asis, talc, graphitic acid and siloxene. The anisotropy of the linkage type is very markedly expressed in them by the laminar habit and by the mechanical properties. To this type belong also reticulate filamentous lattices such as exist in vulcanized rubber and in numerous synthetic high polymers. 

In addition to graphite, there is a series of other reticulate or layer attices. The most closely allied is the lattice of graphitic acid. 

Graphitic acid results if KCIO3 is added during the oxidation of graphite green laminae are obtained which swell actively in water. In thoroughly... 

As the support of catalyst, the pretreatment of activated carbon is necessary. The main purpose of pretreatment is to improve the physical structure and chemical properties of the surface in order to meet the requirements of the catalytic supports. The method of pretreatment includes high temperature (graphitization), acid-alkali, gases and microwave treatment and so on. 

Exfoliated graphite is usually prepared from well-crystallized natural flake graphite It is used for the production of graphite foils. Exfoliated graphite is different from the deflagration product of graphite oxide (graphitic acid). 

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