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Water seawater, demineralization

Some pilot plants are studying the feasibility of RO for demineralization of seawater and brackish water (Table 9.5), but the cost is very high. In seawater demineralization, i of the entire cost is put towards replacement of the membranes. Other applications are pretreatment of normal municipal water preceding ion exchange to make ultrapure water for applications such as boiler feed recovery of valuable or reusable materials from a waste via the RO reject stream and reduction in the volume of waste, if required and water conservation or recovery such as the cooling tower blowdown. [Pg.257]

S. Loeb, S. Sourirajan, "Seawater Demineralization by Means of an Osmotic Membrane, in Water Conversion II Advances in Chemistry Series Number 28, American Chemical Soc., Washington, DC (1963). [Pg.333]

Alternatively, potable water can be extracted from seawater by freezing salts, which depress the freezing point of water, remain in the liquid phase. Generally, though, it is more practical to remove the relatively small amount of solutes (typically, 0.02% for river water) from the great excess of water, rather than vice versa. Seawater is an exceptional case, with about 3.5% dissolved solids. Water softening is concerned primarily with removal of Ca2+ and Mg2+, but for some purposes removal of all dissolved solids (deionization or demineralization) is necessary. [Pg.268]

An integrated water-treatment system designed to use different water sources and different treatment processes, including membrane processes, has been realized in Temeuzen (The Netherlands) [15]. Raw-water sources and treatments include seawater and integrated membrane system to produce demineralized water fresh water, and ion exchange to produce demineralized water effluent industrial wastewater-treatment plant (WWTP) and media filtration to produce cooling tower supply water. [Pg.270]

Energy consumption for manufacture of demineralized water from seawater is an issue, which has received much attention. Criscuoli and Drioli [132] found the energy costs for RO to be between 4 and 12 kW h m depending on whether or not an efficient energy recovery system was in place. Cabassud and Wirth [133] have estimated costs for VMD using PVDF hollow fiber membranes for salt concentrations varying between 15 and 300 g L (Table 19.3). [Pg.540]

Electrodialysis is well-suited for demineralization of waters which contain 5 g/L or less of dissolved solids. Water can be purified to about 500 mg/L dissolved solids. The process is often too expensive to demineralize seawater, but there are full-scale plants in operation for the purpose of purifying brackish water. [Pg.262]

An important factor to be remembered is that in some cases water supplies unsatisfactory for processing to high purity water may be the only sources available. Preliminary demineralization by reverse osmosis will make this water suitable for subsequent demineralization by ion exchange. It is thus apparent that such an economically important factor as plant site location, which may be dependent on the availability of suitable water, can be made more flexible through the use of reverse osmosis. It may be possible now to utilize seawater as a source of industrial process water. [Pg.297]

Use of RO for desalination of seawater for boiler makeup is a typical aj lkation. The availability of diis system has opened up die use of heretofore unavailable water siqiplies, and it has been used by the industry as a pretreatment to ion exchange demineralization. RO acts as an economical rou iing demineralizer, bringing down the overall cost and improving the life of resins and operation of the ion exchange equipment. [Pg.134]

The demineralized (DM) water make up requirement of a 300 MW(e) AHWR is about 350 m /d. An additional requirement of about 150 m /d.of fresh water for drinking and other purposes is envisaged. It is therefore proposed to set up a 500 m /d low temperature multi effect distillation (LT-MED) seawater desalination plant utilizing low pressure steam from the turbine to meet the DM water requirements. Figure XI-8 provides a schematic flow sheet of the desalination plant of AHWR. [Pg.374]


See other pages where Water seawater, demineralization is mentioned: [Pg.545]    [Pg.118]    [Pg.175]    [Pg.326]    [Pg.56]    [Pg.205]    [Pg.175]    [Pg.326]    [Pg.217]    [Pg.1110]    [Pg.379]    [Pg.175]    [Pg.663]    [Pg.2299]    [Pg.217]    [Pg.204]    [Pg.494]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.13 , Pg.232 ]




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