Water interaction, mineral

Palandri J. L., Kharaka Y. K. (2004) A compilation of rate parameters of water-mineral interaction kinetics for application to geochemical modeling. U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 04-1068. New York, 64 p. 

In summary, it appears that the chemistry of the fluids that passed through the fractures, was regulated by the water-mineral interactions occurring in contact with the matrix of the shales. The pressure/temperature conditions in the past, which are not well constrained, needs further investigation. Temperatures below 60°C are derived from a preliminary study of the scarce fluid inclusions within the calcite fillings. 

In the last two decades, great progress has been made in the field of hydrothemal alteration studies, mainly from computation works on water-rock interactions at elevated temperatures (e.g., Wolery, 1978 Reed, 1983, 1997 Takeno, 1989). These studies revealed the relationship between the changes in chemical composition of hydrothermal solution and the relative abundance of minerals in the rocks. 

Giggenbach (1984) calculated the effect of temperature on the chemical composition of fluids buffered by alteration minerals. The causes for the hydrothermal alteration considered below are mainly based on the works by Shikazono (1978a) and Giggenbach (1984). The effect of the extent of water-rock interaction is not taken into account. 

These differences are considered to be attributed to the dilferences in compositions of rocks and alteration minerals interacted with circulating seawater or modified seawater at elevated temperatures. For example, high K and Li concentrations in the hydrothermal solution in the Mid-Okinawa Trough baek-arc basin (Jade site) are due to the interaction of hydrothermal solution with acidic volcanic rocks (Sakai et al., 1990). It is evident that the chemical compositions of hydrothermal solution are largely alfected by water-rock interaction at elevated temperatures. 

Hedenquist, J.W. (1983) Mineral-gas equilibria in the Waiotapu geothermal system. New Zealand. Extended Abst., 4th Int. Symp. Water-Rock Interaction, Misasa, Japan, pp. 175-178. 

Ficklin, W. H., G. S. Plumlee, K. S. Smith and J. B. McHugh, 1992, Geochemical classification of mine drainages and natural drainages in mineralized areas. In Y. K. Kharaka and A. S. Maest (eds.), Water-Rock Interaction. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 381-384. 

The increased solute-loading in terrestrial waters is due to dissolution of minerals in rock, soil and overburden materials as rainwater infiltrates them. Groundwater experiences the largest degree of water-rock interaction and consequently has the highest average... 

The fundamentals of the kinetic approach to water-rock interaction are constituted by the quantitative assessment of reaction kinetics for mineral hydrolysis and precipitation. These may be expressed in terms of rates of change in molality... 

Oxygen isotope ratio analysis provides a powerful tool for the study of water/rock interaction. The geochemical effect of such an interaction between water and rock or mineral is a shift of the oxygen isotope ratios of the rock and/or the water away from their initial values, given that their compositions are not in equilibrium. 

Frape SK, Fritz P, McNutt RH (1984) Water-rock interaction and chemistry of groundwaters from the Canadian Shield, Geochim Cosmochim Acta 48 1617-1627 Freeman KH (2001) Isotopic biogeochemistry of marine organic carbon. Rev Miner Geochem 43 579-605... 

NOM-mineral interactions involve a number of processes such as cation and water bridging, cation and anion exchange, ligand exchange, van der Waals interactions, and hydrophobic bonding (Mortland, 1970 Greenland, 1971 Theng, 1979 Sposito, 1984). 

Data from in-situ leach mining and restoration of roll-front uranium deposits also provide information on the potential mobility of the waste if oxidizing ground water should enter the repository. Uranium solids probably will be initially very soluble in carbonate ground water however, as reducing conditions are re-established through water/rock interactions, the uranium will reprecipitate and the amount of uranium in solution will again equilibrate with the reduced uranium minerals ... 

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