Water from ammonium salts

The yellow [S4N50] anion (48) is obtained as the water-soluble ammonium salt from the reaction of SOCl2 with liquid ammonia.69 Its structure is related to that of the binary anion [S4Ns] (24). The [S4N502] ion (49) is prepared... 

Since, as has been described above, amides can be obtained by removal of water from the ammonium salts of acids, nitriles can be prepared directly from ammonium salts in one operation by heating them with a powerful dehydrating agent, e.g. ammonium acetate with P205 ... 

The hydroxo-compound, [Pd(NH3)2(OH)2], is obtained on treating the ehloro-derivative with moist silver oxide, or by precipitation from a solution of the sulphato-compound with the calculated quantity of barium hydroxide. The solution is filtered and evaporated in vacuo or in air free from carbon dioxide, when a yellow residue of microscopic octahedra is obtained. The aqueous solution is strongly alkaline, rapidly absorbs carbon dioxide from the air, and combines with evolution of heat with acids, forming the corresponding aeido-derivatives. In the dry state it may be heated to 105° C. without decomposition. Prolonged boiling with water causes it to lose ammonia, as in the case of the dibromo-derivative, leaving a brown residue. It precipitates the hydroxides of the metals copper and silver from solutions of their salts, and liberates ammonia from ammonium salts.2... 

The hydroxo-compoimd of the series, dihydroxo-diainmino-platinum, [Pt(NH3)2(QH)2], is formed by treating the sulphato-derivative with baryta water. A solution is obtained which is strongly alkaline, liberates ammonia from ammonium salts, absorbs carbon dioxide, and precipitates metallic salts. From the solution the hydroxide may be easily crystallised.1... 

Soon after the introduction of dimethylglyoxime as a specific reagent for nickel by Tschugaeff-Kraut-Brunck (1905-1907), Baudisch discovered a compound which precipitates copper and iron quantitatively from acid solutions.82 He appropriately named this reagent as cupferron . It is the water soluble ammonium salt of nitrosophenylhydroxylamine (5). When dissolved in chloroform, the whitish-grey copper compound gives a bright yellow solution and the brown yellow iron(III) compound a deep red solution. This behaviour reveals the inner complex character of these derivatives (6). 

Ammonia Content The concentration of ammonia nitrogen present in the water-extractable components of the fabric was determined colormetrically by Nessler s reaction (2,13). Nessler s Reagent reacts with ammonia released from ammonium salts by KOH producing a yellow compound under alkaline conditions by the following reaction ... 

An amine can be separated from other organic compounds by converting it to a water-soluble ammonium salt by an acid-base reaction. 

From Ammonium Salts.—Still another method for the preparation of acid amides is to simply heat the ammonium salt of the acid. The action taking place has been shown to result in the loss of one molecule of water. 

Ammonia (b.p. —33, e 22) is, like water, an unsymmetrical molecule with a lone pair and a fairly high dipole moment. The autoprotolysis reaction is slight [NH4+][NH2 ] IO-22 at the boiling point (—33°). The protonic acid, NH4+, from ammonium salts in solution in ammonia, liberates hydrogen with such metals as calcium ... 

Extraction of Ca with Azo-azoxy BN. Add sufficient 5M NaOH to the sample solution to make the NaOH concentration 0.5-1 M. Shake the solution for 1 min with the solution of Azo-azoxy BN. Strip calcium from the extract with a small volume of 1M hydrochloric acid. Determination of Ca. The sample solution should contain not more than 30 pg of Ca, and be free from ammonium salts and Analytical Group I-III metals (to mask small amounts of these metals, add 10 mg each of KCN and Na2S. Neutralize the sample solution (to pH 7-8) with NaOH or HCl, and add 20 mg of Na2S04. Add 12 ml of the GBHA solution and 1 ml of 1 M NaOH, and dilute the solution with water to the mark in a 25-ml standard flask. After 10 min, measure the absorbance of the solution at 516 nm against a blank solution. 

By changing the pH value the water-insoluble ammonium salts are reconverted into water-soluble sodium sulfonates. The phosphine and the Rh catalyst are thus transferred to the aqueous phase. They can easily be separated from the organic product. A process scheme is outlined in Figure 2. 

Ammonia includes anhydrous ammonia, aqueous ammonia from water, dissociable ammonium salts, and other sources 10% of total aqueous ammonia is reportable under this listing. 

Water can also be removed from ammonium salts by heating them in high-boiling inert solvents, the water being continuously removed as azeotrope. Nitrobenzene and xylene have been used for this purpose. Formylations occur relatively readily and for formylation of, e.g., jV-methylaniline it suffices to use boiling toluene.691... 

Methyltriethylstibonium hydroxide, (CaH5)g(CHg)SbOH, may be obtained by treating the iodide with moist silver oxide, or the sulphate in aqueous solution may be treated with barium hydroxide, the barium sulphate removed and the filtrate evaporated in the absence of carbon dioxide. It is a yellow, non-volatile oil, having a strong alkaline reaction. It dissolves in water or alcohol, liberates ammonia from ammonium salts and precipitates many hydroxides of the metals. 

F. M. Littersoheid added ammonia to a soln. of potassium dichromate, mixed with an excess of mercuric chloride, in the cold until the liquid had an alkaline reaction and obtained dimercuriammanium chromate, (NHg2)2Cr04.2H20. The same product was obtained by adding an excess of ammonia to a cold soln. of mercuric chloride, and then adding a soln. of potassium chromate or dichromate. The lemon-yeUow precipitate gave off no water when heated for many hours at 100° it is virtually insoluble in water, and in a cold 10 per cent. soln. of ammonia — free from ammonium salts. The moist salt dissolves in soln. of ammonium salts. 

Acock et al. found that the loss of water from chrome alum when exposed to hard vacuum apparently occurs in two stages the first with a loss of 12 water molecules and the second with a loss of 4. Whether a phase change occurs in each stage is not known it is possible that the first stage is an equilibration of vacancies. The dehydration of ammonium and potassium alums may be a little more straightforward the loss of water from these salts increased from 19.8 to 20.6 of their original 24 water molecules as the temperatures was increased from 20 to 40°C. 

Girard s reagents Quaternary ammonium salts of the type Me3NCH2CONHNH2 X which form water-soluble compounds with aldehydes and ketones, and are therefore separable from other neutral compounds the aldehyde or ketone may be subsequently regenerated after separation. 

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