Diethyl ether water miscibility

Many pairs of partially miscible liquids possess neither a lower nor an upper C.S.T. for reasons outlined in the previous paragraph. Thus consider the two liquid phases from the two components water and diethyl ether. Upon cooling the system at constant pressure, a point will be reached when a third phase, ice, will form, thus rendering the production of a lower C.S.T. impossible, likewise, if the temperature of the two layers is raised, the critical point for the ether rich layer will be reached while the two liquid phases have different compositions. Above the critical point the ether-rich layer will be converted into vapour, and hence the system will be convert into a water rich liquid and an ether rich vapour the upper C.S.T. cannot therefore be attained. 

Di-alkyl ethers of ethylene glycol, ROCHjCHjOR. The dimethyl ether, b.p. 85°/760 mm., is miscible with water, is a good solvent for organic compounds, and is an excellent inert reaction medium. The diethyl ether (diethyl cdloaolve), b.p. 121-57760 mm., is partially miscible with water (21 per cent, at 20°). 

The diethyl ether of diethylene glycol (diethyl carbitol), b.p. 186°/ 760 mm., is completely miscible with water. The above three ethers may be purified by distillation from sodium. 

Cyclohexanedimethanol is miscible with water and low molecular weight alcohols and appreciably soluble in acetone. It has only negligible solubihty in hydrocarbons and diethyl ether (6). 

Physical Properties. Industrially, the most important esters are dimethyl malonate [108-59-8] and diethyl malonate [105-53-3] whose physical properties are summarized in Table 2. Both are sparingly soluble in water (1 g/50 mL for the diethyl ester) and miscible in all proportions with ether and alcohol. 

Physical Properties. Nitrobenzene is readily soluble in most organic solvents and is completely miscible with diethyl ether and benzene. Nitrobenzene is only slightly soluble in water with a solubiUty of 0.19 parts pet 100 parts of water at 20°C and 0.8 pph at 80°C. Nitrobenzene is a good organic solvent. For example, it is used in Friedel-Crafts reactions because aluminum chloride is soluble in nitrobenzene. The physical properties of nitrobenzene are summarized in Table 1. 

Pure, freshly distilled aniline is a colorless, oily Hquid that darkens on exposure to light and air. It has a characteristic sweet, aminelike aromatic odor. Aniline is miscible with acetone, ethanol, diethyl ether, and benzene, and is soluble in most organic solvents. Its soIubiHty characteristics in water are as follows ... 

The physical properties of methylene chloride are Hsted in Table 1 and the binary a2eotropes in Table 2. Methylene chloride is a volatile Hquid. Although methylene chloride is only slightly soluble in water, it is completely miscible with other grades of chlorinated solvents, diethyl ether, and ethyl alcohol. It dissolves in most other common organic solvents. Methylene chloride is also an excellent solvent for many resins, waxes, and fats, and hence is well suited to a wide variety of industrial uses. Methylene chloride alone exhibits no dash or fire point. However, as Htde as 10 vol % acetone or methyl alcohol is capable of producing a dash point. 

The physical piopeities of ethyl chloiide aie hsted in Table 1. At 0°C, 100 g ethyl chloride dissolve 0.07 g water and 100 g water dissolve 0.447 g ethyl chloride. The solubihty of water in ethyl chloride increases sharply with temperature to 0.36 g/100 g at 50°C. Ethyl chloride dissolves many organic substances, such as fats, oils, resins, and waxes, and it is also a solvent for sulfur and phosphoms. It is miscible with methyl and ethyl alcohols, diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, methylene chloride, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, and benzene. Butane, ethyl nitrite, and 2-methylbutane each have been reported to form a binary azeotrope with ethyl chloride, but the accuracy of this data is uncertain (1). 

There are other miscible, mixed-solvent pairs, pet. ether and diehyl ether, methanol and water, and ligroin and diethyl ether among them. 

Solubility Slightly soluble in water (152 mg/L at 20 °C) (ECETOC, 1986) and chloroform miscible with diethyl ether and ethanol (Lide Milne, 1996) (g) Volatility Vapour pressure, 1.28 kPa at 25 °C (Lide Milne, 1996) relative vapour density (air = 1), 3.7 (Verschueren, 1996) flash-point (closed-cup), 15 °C (Coty et al., 1987)... 

Solubility Slightly soluble in water (15 mg/L at 25 °C) (Verschueren, 1996) miscible with carbon tetrachloride, diethyl ether and ethanol (Lide Milne, 1996)... 

Solubility-. Miscible with water, acetone, ethanol and methanol soluble in chloroform slightly soluble in benzene, diethyl ether and lignans (Lide Milne, 1996 Budavari, 1998)... 

Spectroscopy data Infrared (prism [15] grating [12]), ultraviolet [9], nuclear magnetic resonance (proton [10200, V96] C-13 [1201]) and mass spectral data have been reported (Sadtler Research Laboratories, 1980 Lide Milne, 1996) Solubility Miscible with water, acetone, benzene, chloroform, diethyl ether and ethanol (Lide Milne, 1996)... 

V-Fluorobis(phenylsulfonyl)amine (1 a) can be synthesized in a one-step reaction using commercially available bis(phenylsulfonyl)amine (up to 0.2 mol) and fluorine (10% F2/N2,1 equiv) in the presence of powdered sodium fluoride, either in acetonitrile at — 40 °C in an ambient pressure reactor131 or in trichlorofluoromethane/chloroform, water or a water-miscible organic solvent.133 iV-Fluorobis(phenylsulfonyl)amine (la) is soluble in most organic solvents, e.g. diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane. acetonitrile and toluene.131 133... 

Solubility-. Slightly soluble (1.38 g/100 mL) in water at 20°C soluble in carbon tetrachloride miscible in ethanol, diethyl ether and dimethylformamide (Lide, 1995 Budavari, 1996)... 

Solubility-. Very slightly soluble in water (0.05% by volume) miscible with benzene, chloroform, diethyl ether, carbon disulfide and ethanol (Budavari, 1996) Vapour pressure 12 kPa at 20°C relative vapour density (air = 1), 5.3 at the boiling-point (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 1991)... 

Solubility. Soluble in water (82.4 mg/L at 25°C) miscible with diethyl ether very soluble in acetone, ethanol and most organic solvents (Verschueren, 1996 tide, 1997)... 

Id) Solubility Practically insoluble in water miscible with ethanol and diethyl ether (Budavari, 1996)... 

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