Isopropyl Ether-Water Solubility

Point at which two layers converge into one phase. Reference Frere, F.J., tnd. Eng. Chem. 41,2365 (1949). 

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Table 10.16 Mutual Solubility and Specific Gravity of Isopropyl Ether, Water and Isopropyl Alcohol at 25°C (2)...

Diphenoxylate Hydrochloride. l-(3-Cyano-3,3-diphenylpropyl)-4-phenyl-4-piperidinecarboxyhc acidmonohydrochlorhydrate [3810-80-8] (Lomotil) (13) is a white, odorless, crystalline powder that melts at 220—226°C. It is soluble ia methanol, spariagly soluble ia ethanol and acetone, slightly soluble ia water and isopropyl alcohol, freely soluble ia chloroform, and practically iasoluble ia ether and hexane. The method of preparation for diphenoxylate hydrochloride is available (11). Diphenoxylate hydrochloride [3810-80-8] (13) is an antidiarrheal that acts through an opiate receptor. It has effects both on propulsive motility and intestinal secretion. Commercial forms are mixed with atropiae to discourage abuse. 

Anhydrous stannous chloride, a water-soluble white soHd, is the most economical source of stannous tin and is especially important in redox and plating reactions. Preparation of the anhydrous salt may be by direct reaction of chlorine and molten tin, heating tin in hydrogen chloride gas, or reducing stannic chloride solution with tin metal, followed by dehydration. It is soluble in a number of organic solvents (g/100 g solvent at 23°C) acetone 42.7, ethyl alcohol 54.4, methyl isobutyl carbinol 10.45, isopropyl alcohol 9.61, methyl ethyl ketone 9.43 isoamyl acetate 3.76, diethyl ether 0.49, and mineral spirits 0.03 it is insoluble in petroleum naphtha and xylene (2). 

When exposed to ait, the sodium salts tend to take up moisture and form dihydrates. The alkah metal xanthates are soluble ia water, alcohols, the lower ketones, pyridine, and acetonitrile. They are not particularly soluble ia nonpolar solvents, eg, ether or ligroin. The solubiUties of a number of these salts are Hsted ia Table 4. Potassium isopropyl xanthate is soluble ia acetone to ca 6 wt %, whereas the corresponding methyl, ethyl, / -propyl, n-huty isobutyl, isoamyl, and benzyl [2720-79-8] xanthates are soluble to more than 10 wt % (12). The solubiUties of the commercially available xanthates ia water are plotted versus temperature ia Figure 1 (14). 

The low-molecular-weight water-soluble fraction of LCP flour was found by thin layer chromatographic methods to contain several flavonoid components. To establish the role of flavonoids in the production of yellow color in biscuits, these components were extracted from LCP and glandless cottonseed flours with 85Z aqueous isopropyl alcohol (which is a better solvent for flavonoids than water). Before removal of the flavonoids, the flours had been treated with petroleum ether to extract residual lipids that could interfere with flavonoid isolation. Extraction of the residual lipids did not significantly alter the color of biscuits prepared with the extracted flours (Figure 7). 

A white to creamy-white powder. M.p. about 190°, with decomposition. Practically insoluble in water soluble 1 in 12 to 1 in 16 of ethanol, 1 in 2 of chloroform, and 1 in 50 of isopropyl alcohol freely soluble in acetone slightly soluble in ether. 

Solubility miscible with benzene, chloroform, ethanol (95%), ether, glycerin, and water. Soluble in acetone insoluble in salt solutions. Forms an azeotrope with water, containing 87.4% w/w isopropyl alcohol (boiling point 80.37°C). Specific gravity 0.786 Vapor density (relative) 2.07 (air = 1)... 

Suppose we have a feed stream which contains acetic acid (A) and water (W). Because it would not be economically feasible to incinerate the water stream, we d like to extract the acetic acid into an isopropyl ether (I) phase. The isopropyl ether-acetic acid stream could then be used as a fuel stream to another process. Note that the isopropyl ether has a limited solubility in the water, and vice versa. 

The compositions of feeds and solvent mixtures may lie outside the mutual solubility curve but, if upon mixing, the overall stoichiometry is such that the M point falls inside the mutual solubility curve, then two liquid phases will form. Mixtures outside of the mutual solubility curve are only a single phase. Thus, Figure 10.2 indicates that the addition of acetic acid to water increases the solubility of isopropyl ether in both the extract and raffinate phases. Aqueous mixtures containing 50 mass% or more of acetic acid are miscible with isopropyl ether in all proportions. 

Graphical methods are suitable whenever the two liquid phases are partly miscible as for the water, acetic acid, and isopropyl ether system. If the two liquid phases are nearly immiscible, and their mutual solubility is not affected by the solute concentration, then the Kremser equation discussed below may be applicable. 

Crystals from isopropyl ether, mp 88-89". ( ) +199.3" (c = 3 in chloroform) [ ][f +230.3 (c = 9 in benzene). Best stored in a vacuum desiccator. Dec on contact with water. One gram dissolves in 20 ml absolute ethanol, more soluble in methanol. Freely sol in ether, chloroform, acetone, ethyl acetate, benzene. Slightly so] in pair ether-... 

Oryzacidin C22H N4Oi2. Orange, amorphous powder, mp 231. Soluble in ether, benzene, carbon tetrachloride, methanol, ethanol, butyl acetaie, chloroform, pyridine, di-oxane. acetic acid, toluene, xylene. Slightly sol or insol in water, acetone, carbon disulfide, isopropyl ether, petr ether, hexane. pH of ethanolic soln. 6.6. uv max 243 nm (EJ 122.5). Stable in direct sunlight. 

The solubility of PLA is dependent on the molar weight and the crystallinity degree of the polymer. For the enantiopure PLA, chloroform and other chlorinated organic solvents, such as furan, dioxane, dioxolane and pyridine are good solvents. In addition to these organic solvents, the non-enantiopure PLA is soluble in ethyl acetate, dimethylsulfoxide, tetrahydrofuran, acetone, xylene, methyl ethyl ketone, ethyl lactate and dimethylformamide. However, lactic acid based polymers are not soluble in water, alcohol (e.g. ethanol, methanol), isopropyl ether, or unsubstituted hydrocarbons (e.g. cyclohexane, heptane) [19]. 

Isopropyl ether (diisopropyl ether) is a colorless, volatile liquid, which is slightly soluble in water. The specific gravity is 0.7, which is lighter than water. It is highly flammable, with a wide flammable range of 1.4 to 21% in air. The boiling... 

Table 10.10 Mutual Solubility for the System Isopropyl Ether-Isopropyl Alcohol-Water at 25°C, % wt (14)...

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