Water-autoclave procedure

To extract phenolic acids in plant tissues/residues ground plant tissues/residues were extracted with water, EDTA, citrate plus or minus imidazole, KCl, or dibasic sodium phosphate and the water-autoclave procedure (Blum et al. 1992 Blum 1997). For procedures used for " C-labeled phenolic acids see Section 2.2.10... 

We suspect that both neutral EDTA and water-autoclave extraction procedures readily recovered the free phenolic acid fraction. So how effective were they in extracting reversibly sorbed phenolic acids (i.e., sorbed recovered by neutral EDTA or water-autoclave extraction minus free recovered by water extraction) For the 1,000 p.g/g added 723 p.g/g was sorbed by Cecil A and 833 p,g/g by Cecil B. For Cecil A samples, 13% (96 of 723 tig/g) and 6% (45 of 723 p-g/g) of the sorbed ferulic acid was recovered by the neutral EDTA and the water-autoclave procedures, respectively. Of this 96% (92 pg/g) and 55% (25 pg/g), respectively, was utilized by microorganisms over the 30 days (Blum et al. 1992). For Cecil B samples, 43% (357 of 833 pg/g) and 16% (137 of 833 pg/g) of the sorbed ferulic acid was recovered by the neutral EDTA and the water-autoclave procedures, respectively. Of this 100% (357 pg/g) and 97% (133 pg/g), respectively, was utilized by microorganisms over the 30 days. 

In conclusion, the water-autoclave extraction procedure when compared to the EDTA extraction procedure underestimated the total available ferulic acid in the soil by roughly 5% for Cecil A and 22% for Cecil B. In addition to the quantitative difference there also appeared to be a difference in the types of the sorbed ferulic acid recovered. The water-autoclave-procedure recovered some irreversibly sorbed phenolic acids from Cecil A soil since only 55% of the sorbed phenolic acid recovered was utilized by microbes. This difference should not be surprising since the physical and chemical processes of the two extraction procedures, i.e., chelation vs. 

So what were the concentrations of phenolic acids in the Cecil A soil wheat stubble (Triticum aestivum L. Coker 916 )/soybean (Glycine maxL. Deltapine417 ) systems Subsamples taken from wheat stubble/soybean (no-till), wheat stubble tilled under/soybean (conventional-till), and fallow/soybean soil (conventional-till) cores were extracted by the water-autoclave procedure and analyzed for 7 common phenolic acids (ferulic, caffeic, p-coumaric, p-hydroxybenzoic, sinapic, syringinc, and vanillic) and total phenolic acid (Blum et al. 1991). With minor exception, individual phenolic acids were correlated with each other, with the sum of the 7 phenolic acids identified by HPLC analysis, and total phenolic acid as determined by the Folin Ciocalteu s phenol reagent method. 

Jia/Noble and coworkers [87,88] reported the successful synthesis of silicalite membranes on y-alumina composite supports using an interesting modification of the in situ crystallisation method. The support consisted of a short a-alumina tube coated on the inside with a 5 pm thick y-alumina film with an average pore diameter of 5 nm, commercially available from US Filter. The precursor solution was put into the support tube after plugging both ends with teflon and the filled tube was then placed in a teflon-lined autoclave. Hydrothermal treatment was carried out at 180°C for 12 h. After removal from the autoclave and washing the formed zeolite layer with water, the procedure was repeated with the tube inverted from its previous orientation to obtain a uniform coating. As reported by Vroon et al. [82,84,98], Jia/Noble [88] also concluded that at least two synthesis steps are necessary to obtain defect-free membranes. 

The exact identity of all packaging components, the bulk and filled product, labels, and so on, must be carefully maintained. The production ticket must be written so that it is easily understood and followed by the appropriate production personnel. All procedures should be clearly outlined and limits established for all operators (e.g., heat water to 35 45°C or autoclave sterilize for 15-20 min at 121-124°C). 

Standard test for hydrolytic stability. The hydrolytic stability of the chlorinated resins was determined by the following test procedure. An acid digestion autoclave having a volume of 125 ml is charged with 40 ml of resin and 28 ml of deionized water. The bomb is sealed and transferred into an oven, pre-heated to 200 °C. The test is continued for 24 hours. The bomb is removed and cooled to ambient temperature. The liquid is separated from the resin and the chlorine content analyzed while the resin is washed thoroughly and its acid capacity is determined as described in section 5. The test results are shown in Table 2. 

The heat of decomposition (238.4 kJ/mol, 3.92 kJ/g) has been calculated to give an adiabatic product temperature of 2150°C accompanied by a 24-fold pressure increase in a closed vessel [9], Dining research into the Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction of aromatic compounds (components unspecified) in nitrobenzene as solvent, it was decided to use nitromethane in place of nitrobenzene because of the lower toxicity of the former. However, because of the lower boiling point of nitromethane (101°C, against 210°C for nitrobenzene), the reactions were run in an autoclave so that the same maximum reaction temperature of 155°C could be used, but at a maximum pressure of 10 bar. The reaction mixture was heated to 150°C and maintained there for 10 minutes, when a rapidly accelerating increase in temperature was noticed, and at 160°C the lid of the autoclave was blown off as decomposition accelerated to explosion [10], Impurities present in the commercial solvent are listed, and a recommended purification procedure is described [11]. The thermal decomposition of nitromethane under supercritical conditions has been studied [12], The effects of very high pressure and of temperature on the physical properties, chemical reactivity and thermal decomposition of nitromethane have been studied, and a mechanism for the bimolecular decomposition (to ammonium formate and water) identified [13], Solid nitromethane apparently has different susceptibility to detonation according to the orientation of the crystal, a theoretical model is advanced [14], Nitromethane actually finds employment as an explosive [15],... 

Procedure Flavonoids are then further purified with 2 ml of methanolic HC1 (2 N), followed by centrifugation (2 min, 15 600 g), hydrolyzation of 150 il of suspension in an autoclave (15 min, 120 C). A reverse osmosis-Millipore UF Plus water purification system is used in high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with an autosampler. After injections of 5 pg of samples, the mobile phases flow at a rate of 1 ml/minute with isocratic elution in a column at 30 C. 

General Procedure for the Hydroformylation/Fischer Indole Synthesis. Synthesis of Tryptamine Derivatives in Water. Aminoolefin (1 eq), aromatic hydrazine (1 eq), Rh(acac)(CO)2 (0.3 mol %) and TPPTS (1.5 mol %) are dissolved in H2SO4 (4wt% in H2O, 2.5 wt % olefin), filled in an autoclave and pressurized with lObar H2 and 50 bar CO. After stirring for 3 days at 100 °C ammonia (30 wt% in water) is added and the mixture is extracted with EtOAc. The solvent is evaporated to give the product which purified by column chromatography (silica, CH2C12, PrOH, NEt3) if necessary. 

Subsequent to DNA template linearization, the procedures for in vitro RNA transcription reaction are set up. It is essential to avoid RNase contamination by using gloves, sterile glassware, and water devoid of RNase activity [treated with 0.1% diethyl pyrocarbonate (DEPC) and autoclaved]. 

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