Wastewater treatment technologies, table

A summary of potentially suitable industrial wastewater treatment technologies for various waste types is given in Table 3.9. Additionally, there are three basic approaches to land treatment of nonhazardous industrial effluent wastewater, as depicted in Fig. 3.10. 

TABLE 3.9 Potentially Suitable Industrial Wastewater Treatment Technologies... 

Apphcable technologies to meet present guidelines and standards for wastewater treatment are given in Table 1. 

Treatment technologies used in the porcelain enameling industry are generally chosen to remove the major wastewater components, such as suspended solids and toxic metals. Table 8.15 presents a summary of the treatment and disposal techniques used by this industry. Usually more than one treatment methods will be used at each facility.3 610... 

As stated earlier, the biodegradation of azo dyes requires an anaerobic and aerobic phase for the complete mineralization. The required condition can be implemented either by spatial separation of the two sludge using a sequential anaerobic-aerobic reactor system or in one reactor in the so-called integrated anaerobic-aerobic reactor system. In recent years, combined anaerobic-aerobic treatment technologies are extensively applied in the treatment of azo dye-containing wastewaters. Table 1 lists the systems based on combined anaerobic-aerobic treatment in separate reactors. Table 2 lists SBR based on temporal separation of the anaerobic and the aerobic phase. Table 3 lists the other systems, either hybrids with aerated zones or micro-aerobic systems based on the principle of limited oxygen diffuse in microbial biofilms [91]. 

Table 6.8. Comparative costs of different technologies for organics elimination in wastewater treatment (US ). Adapted from Freitas dos Santos and Lo Biundo [6.24].

Advanced Membrane Technology for Wastewater Treatment Table 13 (Continued). 

Membrane sewage treatment system was one of the earliest commercial applications of membrane bioreaetors for wastewater treatment in North America in late 1960 s and later its application was extended to industrial wastewater treatment processes [18], One of the commercial breakthroughs for membrane reactor technology is Russian vitamin K technology. Membranes are frequently employed in eombination with a bioreactor, for instance an enzymatic pharmaceutical process [1]. Table 1.2 illustrates how specific properties of membranes are useful in membrane reactors in improving the overall process performance [19],... 

Sources of contaminated water in the manufacture of products for which no wastewater discharge is allowed include wet-type debarking operations, steam or hot-water conditioning of logs, veneer drier washwater, glue equipment washwater, and certain types of preservative treatments. Only limited data are available on the quantity and characteristics of these effluents (Table III). Each source of wastewater is discussed below in terms of the problem that it presents and the technology that is available to deal with it. 

Table 3 gives the main characteristics for treated wastewater of types I—IV. When purified in the treatment, types II anil III have been used — by way of textile experiments on commercial scale — in dyeing and printing polyester knits and in afterprint clearing of the knits. When inspected in quality, the dyed and printed knitted fabrics have been found comparable to those processed with standard technological water. 

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