Waste steam system

The primary areas for application of cleaning services are the water areas of these plants. The waste steam system can generate 900°F (482°C) superheated steam... 

Waste from steam systems. If steam is used as a hot utility, then inefficiencies in the steam system itself cause utility waste. Figure 10.9 shows a schematic representation of a steam system. Raw water from a river or other source is fed to the steam system. This is... 

These sources of waste from the steam system can be reduced by increasing the percentage of condensate returned (in addition to reducing steam generation by increased heat recovery). 

Steam-Jet Systems. Low pressure water vapor can be compressed by high pressure steam in a steam jet. In this way, a vacuum can be created over water with resultant evaporation and cooling water, therefore, serves as a refrigerant. This method frequently is used where moderate cooling (down to 2°C) is needed. The process is inefficient and usually is economically justified only when waste steam is available for the motive fluid in the steam jet. 

Process Steam Generation. Steam generated in the process sections of the plant may be at the highest plant pressure level or an intermediate level. Also, the process area may have fired boilers, waste heat boilers, or both. There may be crossties between utility and process generated steam levels. Enough controls must be provided to balance far-ranging steam systems and protect the most critical units in the event of boiler feedwater shortage situations. 

Increasing condensate return for steam systems to reduce makeup water requirements, reduce aqueous waste from boiler feedwater treatment and boiler blowdown (see Chapter 23). 

Waste disposal system, bagging, palletizing, steam generation, and Waste disposal. 200 kw (estimated)... 

The reduction in the numbers of incinerators and the limitations of autoclaves have created the need for alternative medical waste treatment systems. Currently, there are over 40 such technologies available from greater than 70 manufacturers within the United States, Europe, the Middle East, and Australia. While these systems vary in their treatment capacity, the extent of automation, and overall volume reduction, all alternative technologies utilize one or more of the following methods (1) heating the waste to a minimum of 90 to 95°C by means of microwaves, radio waves, hot oil, hot water, steam, or superheated gases (2) exposing the waste to chemicals such as sodium hypochlorite (household bleach) or... 

In Figure 2 the flow chart of classic fuel burning incinerator combined with plasma vitrification system of all solid residues is presented. The system is self-supplied in the electric power and it employs only single plasma furnace for vitrification of solids. This way every classic waste incineration plant can be converted to zero waste emission system. The excess of energy in the form of electricity or steam can be sold. 

The technology is best suited for coarse-textured soils that have a moderate to high hydraulic conductivity. The steam extraction system is not applicable for soil contaminated with metals or other inorganic wastes. The system is also not applicable for organics in which the mobility is not increased with elevated temperatures. 

Tannery B. This tannery, also located in New England, employs 80 workers who process about 700 hides per day producing fully tanned and colored leather which are shipped to a separate facility, Tannery E, for surface and mechanical finishes. During the site visit on October 12, 1978, 19 air samples and 4 bulk samples were collected. The air samples were collected at all stages of the tanning operation. The bulk samples consisted of two waste water specimens, one steam system condensate and one floor scraping from the dye room. 

Extraction of potable water from saline waters by means of immiscible solvents has been shown to be theoretically possible, experimentally feasible, and economically attractive. Data presented show the process to be especially adaptable to the conversion of feed water in the range of 5000 to 10,000 p.p.m. It is adaptable to use of low-quality heat such as hot water from cooling towers or low pressure waste steam. By use of mixed solvent systems, the process can be optimized to take advantage of seasonal changes in temperature and sources of cold feed water and low-level heat sources. The process, in general, is somewhat more economical when a cold source of feed water is available. 

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