Waste reduction strategy

Cal-Tech Management Associates, SCADA Systems, Inc., and Davis, G. A., Piasecki, B., and Mueller, M. J. October 1987. Waste Reduction Strategies for the Printed Circuit Board Industry. California Department of Health Services, Alternative Technology Section, Toxic Substances Control Division. Contract No. 85-00173. 

Possible Waste Reduction Strategies to Be Evaluated at Each Design Level (Douglas, 1992)... 

SCADA Systems Inc. Cal-Tech Management Associates Waste Reduction Strategies for the Printed Circuit Board Industry. California Department of Health Services Contract 85-00173, Sacramento, CA., 1987. 

Landfill methods are considered the most economical and environmentally acceptable way of disposing of solid wastes throughout the world. Even with the implementation of waste reduction, recycling, and transformation technologies, disposal of residual solid waste in landfill will still remain an important component of an integrated solid waste management strategy.4... 

A risk reduction strategy for perfluorooctanyl sulphonate (PFOS) and related compounds commissioned by the Environment Department (DEFRA) recommends a ban on the use of the compounds. Only a handful of sectors would receive derogations, and these would be conditional on the development of alternatives and the disposal of all PFOS-bearing wastes by high temperature incineration. 

Making companies prepare plans which focus on safer chemical use has proved particularly successful in the USA. The benefits of mandatory pollution prevention planning have been demonstrated in the state of Massachusetts. Here, over 550 companies had to assess toxic use reduction options with technical help supplied by university and government experts. Toxic use reduction strategies included material substitution and product reformulation. Within ten years, industry has reduced the use of toxic chemicals by 40%, by-product waste by 58% and toxic emissions by 80%. A cost benefit analysis reveals that the same companies saved a total of Saved a total of USD 14 million (Euro 18.76 million) overthis period through the adoption of more efficient and safer processes. The programme is ongoing and has been expanded to community outreach and assessment of substitutes forsome hazardous material flows and products within the state. 

Suggestions for reducing tank cleaning wastes include the following source reduction strategies ... 

Nottrodt IA, Ballschmiter K. 1986. Causes for and reduction strategies against emissions of PCDD/PCDF from waste incineration plants-interpretations of recent measurements. Chemosphere 15 1225-1237. 

The benefits of these activities are well known, but design of waste disposal strategies for volume reduction and liquid decontamination is essential, to optimize waste storage installations and reduce waste disposal costs. Among these strategies, the application of an appropriate treatment is essential for suitable waste disposal. 

Recycling although recycling is specifically mentioned in The Dupont Commitment , no strategy for waste reduction or examples are given. However, a yes score has been given since figures can be derived for the USA from TRI data. 

Recycling recycling does appear to be actively pursued as a strategy for waste reduction. The Materials Business remit is to convert waste materials into co-products. In 1998, 800 000 tonnes were removed from the waste chain. Examples given in the CER include ... 

Finally, integrating chemical reaction and separation in a single vessel offers opportunities for waste reduction. As an example of this strategy, consider the synthesis of methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTBE). Two processes are in common industrial use in the synthesis of MTBE from methanol and isobutylene. In one process, a series of fixed-bed catalytic reactors send a mix of product, unreacted methanol, and unreacted isobutylene to a series of separation devices. In an alternative process configuration, the feed materials are sent to a distillation column that contains a series of catalytic beds. The processes are contrasted in Fig. 17. There are several advantages to the catalytic distillation configuration ... 

These Amendments set a priority for pollution prevention with respect to land disposal of hazardous waste. Industries generating hazardous waste were required to establish a hazardous-waste reduction program, as distinct from recycling. Reporting requirements have been established in order to assess the success of pollution-reduction strategies. 

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