Waist circumference measurements

At each follow-up visit, compliance with a healthy lifestyle should be determined, as well as measurement of physical parameters, including weight, blood pressure, and heart rate. Waist circumference should be measured intermittently. A complete assessment also would include identification of adverse drug reactions or drug interactions if weight-loss medications have been initiated. 

Anthropometric measurements are gross measurements of body cell mass used to evaluate LBM and fat stores. The most common measurements are weight, height, limb size (e.g., skinfold thickness and midarm muscle, wrist, and waist circumferences), and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). 

Measurements of skinfold thickness estimate subcutaneous fat, midarm muscle circumference estimates skeletal muscle mass, and waist circumference estimates abdominal fat content. 

This relationship is age independent and the same for both sexes, but may not correspond to the same degree of fatness across different populations, partly due to differences in body proportions. Many would therefore advocate the use of waist circumference and waist hip ratio measurements in conjunction with BMI, as these measurements are more closely related to abdominal fat accumulation, which is implicated in the development of type-2 diabetes and heart disease. 

For adults, measurement of waist circumference is an easy and accurate indicator of upper body or abdominal adiposity. A waist circumference greater than 102 cm (40 inches) for men and greater than 88 cm (35 inches) for women is indicative of increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Comparable standards are not available for children and teens. 

Others would prefer a simple measurement of waist circumference (WC) to determine weight-related health risk. Stratification for men would be a WC less than 38 inches, from 38 to 42 inches, and more than 42 inches for normal, overweight, and obese. For women it would be a WC less than 33 inches, from 33 to 36 inches, and more than 36 inches. 

Wrii sf to hip ratio, This ratio is acquired using a tape measure and by dividing (circumference at the waist) / (circumference at the hip). This method is commonly used by nutrition researchers to assess if a subject has a male-type obesity or female-type obesity. 

Waist circumference (WC) is used to assess abdominal fat content. Excess abdominal fat that is out of proportion to total body fat is considered an independent predictor of risk for obesity-related complications. Waist circumference is determined by measuring the distance around the smallest area below the rib cage and the top of the iliac crest. Interpretation varies with age. Men are considered at risk if the waist circumference is greater than 40 inches women are at risk if the waist circumference is greater than 35 inches. These standards do not apply if the patient is less than 5 feet tall or has a BMI of 35 kg/m or greater. 

Two clinical measures of excess body fat, regardless of sex, are the body mass index (BMI) and the waist circumference (WC). BMI and WC provide a better assessment of total body fat than weight alone and are independent predictors... 

Waist circumference (WC) is the most practical method of characterizing central or visceral adiposity. Clinically, WC is the narrowest circumference measured in the area between the last rib and the top of the iliac crest. The current definition for high-risk WC is greater than 40 inches in males and greater than 35 inches in females. ... 

Mr. Applebod s brother had a history of hypercholesterolemia and because Mr. Applebod s serum total cholesterol had been significantly elevated (296 mg/dL) at his first visit, his blood lipid profile was determined, his blood glucose level was measured, and a number of other blood tests were ordered. (The blood lipid profile is a test that measures the content of the various triacylglycerol- and cholesterol-containing particles in the blood.) His blood pressure was 162 mm Hg systolic and 98 mm Hg diastolic or 162/98 mm Hg (normal = 140/90 mm Hg or less). His waist circumference was 48 inches (healthy values for men, less than 40 for women, less than 35). 

The waist-to-hip ratio has been used instead of the waist circumference as a measure of abdominal obesity in an attempt to correct for differences between individuals with respect to body type or bone structure. In this measurement, the waist circumference is divided by the hip circumference (measured at the iliac crest). The average waist-to-hip ratio for men is 0.93 (with a range of 0.75-1.10), and the average for women was 0.83 (with a range of 0.70-1.00). However, the waist circumference may actually correlate better with intraabdominal fat and the associated risk factors than the waist-to-hip ratio. 

Waist Circumference. The waist circumference is another anthropometric measurement that serves as an indicator of body composition but is used as a measure of obesity and body fat distribution (the apple shape ), not malnutrition. It is the distance around the natural waist of a standing individual (at the umbilicus). A high-risk waistline is more than 35 inches (88 cm) for women and more than 40 inches (102 cm) for men. 

Ten men and four women, without musculoskeletal disorders history, volunteered to participate in this experimental study. After signing an informed consent, different anthropometric measures, such as age, weight, height and waist circumference, were collected. The mean age, BMI, waist circumference and fat mass percentage of the subjects are, respectively 29.2 ( 10.5) yr, 25.2 ( 5.5) kg/m 88.1 ( 16.6) cm, and 24.9 ( 8.9)%. 

Obesity can be measured in two main ways body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC Douketis et al., 2005). BMI is a measure of weight (in kilograms) divided by height (in metres) squared and a BMI > 30 kg/m is classified as obese. Furthermore, BMI levels are associated with high (BMI 30-34.9 kg/m ), very high (BMI 35-39.9 kg/m ) and extremely high (BMI >40 kg/m ) risks of developing health problems such as DM2. BMI is a relatively easy measurement to obtain, but it may not be fully accurate since it does not take body composition into account. 

Measurement of the waist-lo-hip ratio has proven to be useful in diagnosing male-type or female-type obesity. This ratio is acquired by measuring the circumference around the waist, and about the hips, and performing division. The units of each measurement is centimeters, while the ratio has no unit. A waist/hip ratio of i. 0 or greater (for men) t>r 0.8 or greater (for women) is associated with a distinct increase in health risk for non-insulin-dependenl diabetes mcllitus (NiDDM), hypertension, and atherosclerosis (Ujomtorp, 1985). 

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