Skinfold thickness

Anthropometric measurements are gross measurements of body cell mass used to evaluate LBM and fat stores. The most common measurements are weight, height, limb size (e.g., skinfold thickness and midarm muscle, wrist, and waist circumferences), and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). 

Measurements of skinfold thickness estimate subcutaneous fat, midarm muscle circumference estimates skeletal muscle mass, and waist circumference estimates abdominal fat content. 

Anthropometric Body mass index (weight in kilograms/height in metres squared) skinfold thickness or other methods... 

Moody, 0. L., Kollias,. 1. 4 Buskirk, E. R. (1969) The effect of a moderate exercise program on body weight and skinfold thickness in overweight college women. Med. Sci. Sports 1, 74-80. 

Parizkova, J. (1961) Total body fat and skinfold thickness in children. Metab. 10, 794-809. 

Boileau, R. A., Wilmore, J. H, Lohman, T. G., Slaughter, M. H. Riner, W. F. (1981) Estimation of body density from skinfold thicknesses, body circumferences and skeletal widths in boys aged 8 to 11 years comparison of two samples. Human Biol. 53, 575-592. 

Skinfold caliper— A curved, hinged claw-shaped tool used to measure the thickness of skinfolds containing subcutaneous fat deposits. Skinfold thickness is correlated to percent body fat, thus skinfold calipers are used to estimate percent body fat. 

Skinfotd measurements. Skinfold thickness is measured by pinching the skin and using calipers to measure the layers of skin and subcutaneous fat that are located to the side of the pinch. The skinfold measurement is a fairly direct measure of the subcutaneous fat at the tocahon of the pinch, but the usual goal of the method is to gain an indication of total body fat-... 

Dumin, J. V, and Womersley, J. (1974). Body fat assessed from total body density and its estimation from skinfold thickness, ifrif. /. uit 32, TT-V7. 

Dumin, J. V., and Rahaman, M. (1967). The assessment of the amount of fat in the human body from measurements of skinfold thickness. Rrtf.). Wurr. 21,681-689,... 

Koiland-Cachera, M., Brambilla, P Manzoni, R, Akroui, M., Stroni, S., Maschio, A and Chiumello, C. (1997). Body composition assessed On the basis of arm circumference and triceps skinfold thickness. Am.). C/rw. Nutr. 65, 1709 1713. 

Dermal Effects. No studies were located regarding demial effects in humans after inhalation or oral exposure to 2-butoxyethanol, but dermal effects in humans after direct dermal exposure to neat 2-butoxyethanol included rigidity of tlie skin and decreased skin volume and skinfold thickness (Johanson et al. 

TIBC total iron-binding capacity TLC total lymphocyte connt TSF triceps skinfold thickness TUN total urine nitrogen UBW usual body weight UL tolerable upper intake level UUN urine urea nitrogen VCO2 carbon dioxide production V02 oxygen consumption... 

It is estimated that 30% of aU cirrhotic patients have protein-energy malnutrition, 40% have protein malnutrition, and 10% have energy mabiutrition. Additionally, among alcoholic cirrhotic patients, 73% of patients have midarm muscle circumferences below the fifth percentile, and 51% have tricep skinfold thickness below the 25th... 

Weight, skinfold thickness, midarm circumference Urine urea (or total N) 2 X /week... 

To obtain reliable measures of skinfold thickness, procedures are carefully defined. For example, in the triceps measurement, a fold of skin in the posterior aspect of the nondominant arm midway between shoulder and elbow is grasped gently and pulled away from the underlying muscle. The skinfold thickness reading is taken at a precise time, 2 to 3 seconds after applying the caliper, because the caliper compresses the skin. Even when these procedures are performed by trained dieticians, reliable measurements are difficult to obtain. 

Mid-Arm Anthropometry. The arm muscle circumference (AMC), also called the mid upper arm muscle circumference (MUAMC), reflects both caloric adequacy and muscle mass and can serve as a general index of marasmic-type malnutrition. The arm circumference is measured at the midpoint of the left upper arm by a fiberglass flexible-type tape. The arm muscle circumference can be calculated from a formula that subtracts a factor related to the skinfold thickness (SFT) from the arm circumference ... 

Where MUAMC is the mid upper arm muscle circumference in cm and SFT is the skinfold thickness, expressed in millimeters. 

Height was measured using a portable Harpenden anthropometer. Mid-triceps skinfold thickness was measured on right and left arms with Harpenden skinfold calipers. The mean of these was used in the analyses. 

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