VZV virus

In summary, methotrexate, the mixture, and the polymer are aU active against HSV-1 and VZV viruses whereas the tetrachloroplatinate showed little or no activity against any of the tested viruses. The best inhibition, that is inhibition at the lowest concentration, was found for the polymer and the mixture consistent with there being some cooperative effect of the methotrexate and platinum moieties. It is possible that the mixture of tetrachloroplatinate and methotrexate may have formed polymer when mixed together in solution consistent with the similar findings found for the mixture and polymer. 

Toxoplasma gondii Mycobacterium avium complex Varicella zoster virus (VZV)... 

Over the past years, synthetic base-modified nucleosides and nucleotides have displayed important impact in diverse fields. Their biological properties have found application as antiviral tools against hepatitis virus (HBV), herpes virus (VZV) and human immunodeficiency (HIV).94,95,136 Many of those compounds exhibit antiproliferative, antibiotic and antifungal activities and some have been used as probes for DNA damages96,97,137 as well as in the anti-sense approach and DNA-probe technology with fluorescence properties.99... 

Herpes Zoster (Shingles) Zostavax is a live attenuated varicella-zoster virus (VZV) vaccine for the prevention of herpes zoster in individuals 60 years or older. It is supplied in frozen lyophilized form and reconstituted before vaccination. The vaccine boosts VZV-specific immunity and protects individuals against zosters and its complications. 

The 9-alkoxyguanine 998 has potent and selective antiherpes virus activity. The racemic guanine derivative 1003 showed potent and selective activity against herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2, but was less active against varicella zoster virus (VZV). Its antiviral activity is attributable to the S... 

Neonatal herpes simplex virus infection Treatment of neonatal herpes infections. Parenteral Treatment of initial and recurrent mucosal and cutaneous herpes simplex virus (HSV)-I and -2 and varicella-zoster virus (VZV/shingles) infections in immunocompromised patients. 

Pharmacology Valacyclovir is the hydrochloride salt of L-valyl ester of the antiviral drug acyclovir. Valacyclovir is rapidly converted to acyclovir, which has in vitro and in vivo inhibitory activity against herpes simplex virus types I (HSV-1) and II (HSV-2), and varicella-zoster virus (VZV). In cell culture, acyclovir has the highest antiviral activity against HSV-1, followed by (in decreasing order of potency) HSV-2 and VZV. In vitro, acyclovir triphosphate stops replication of herpes viral DMA in 3 ways 1) Competitive inhibition of viral DMA polymerase 2) incorporation and termination of... 

Idoxuridine (Herplex) is a water-soluble iodinated derivative of deoxyuridine that inhibits several DNA viruses including HSV, VZV, vaccinia, and polyoma virus. The triphosphorylated metabolite of idoxuridine inhibits both viral and cellular DNA synthesis and is also incorporated into DNA. Such modified DNA is susceptible to strand breakage and causes aberrant viral protein synthesis. Because of its significant host cytotoxicity, idoxuridine cannot be used to treat systemic viral infections The development of resistance to this drug is common. 

Vidarabine (adenine arabinoside, Vira-A) is an adenine nucleoside analogue containing arabinose in place of ri-bose. It is obtained from cultures of Streptomyces an-tibioticus and has activity against HSV-1, HSV-2, VZV, CMV, HBV, poxviruses, hepadnaviruses, rhabdoviruses, and certain RNA tumor viruses. 

The drugs described next are used in the treatment in a variety of viral conditions, including HBV, hepatitis C virus (HCV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human papilloma virus (HPV), and VZV. Some are also used in the therapy of HIV infection detailed information on the treatment of this disease is found in Chapter 51. 

L D. The conversion of penciclovir to its active form requires initial monophosphorylation by viral thymidine kinases, then conversion to its active triphosphate form by cellular enzymes. Thus, the concentration of penciclovir triphosphate is particularly high in cells infected with its target viruses (e.g., HSV, VZV, HBV). Foscarnet is a pyrophosphate analogue that does not require activation. Oseltamivir is a neuraminidase inhibitor that is con-... 

Chickenpox or varicella is caused by the varicella zoster virus (VZV). Varicella vaccine is indicated for active immunisation against varicella in healthy subjects and their susceptible healthy close contacts from the age of 12 months onwards. 

The most notable example of live attenuated vaccines is the smallpox vaccine, first developed by Edward Jenner, although the origin of the vaccine (vaccinia virus) remains obscure. More recent examples of live attenuated vaccines include most of the viral vaccines currently in use, such as measles/mumps/rubella (MMR) and varicella zoster (VZV) vaccines, and some... 

Varicella virus vaccine. Oka/ Merck strain of live, attenuated varicella virus Varivax Varicella virus vaccine [BIO] Varicella-Zoster virus (VZV) VARIVAX [TR] Varicella virus vaccine live (Oka/Merck) [FDA] Chickenpox vaccine [SY] NDC 0006-4826-00 -4827-00 [NDC]... 

AGENTS TO TREAT HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS (HSV) VARICELLA-ZOSTER VIRUS (VZV) INFECTIONS... 

Acyclovir (Figure 49-2) is an acyclic guanosine derivative with clinical activity against HSV-1, HSV-2, and VZV, but it is approximately 10 times more potent against HSV-1 and HSV-2 than against VZV. In vitro activity against Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) is present but weaker. 

Table 49-1 Agents to Treat or Prevent Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) and Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) Infections. ...

Famciclovir is the diacetyl ester prodrug of 6-deoxypencidovir, an acyclic guanosine analog (Figure 49-2). After oral administration, famciclovir is rapidly deacetylated and oxidized by first-pass metabolism to penciclovir. It is active in vitro against HSV-1, HSV-2, VZV, EBV, and HBV. As with acyclovir, activation by phosphorylation is catalyzed by the virus-specified thymidine kinase in infected cells, followed by competitive inhibition of the viral DNA polymerase to block DNA synthesis. Unlike acyclovir, however, penciclovir does not cause chain termination. Penciclovir triphosphate has lower affinity for the viral DNA polymerase than acyclovir triphosphate, but it achieves higher intracellular concentrations. The most commonly encountered clinical mutants of HSV are thymidine kinase-deficient these are cross-resistant to acyclovir and famciclovir. 

NNRTI Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor NRTI Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor PI Protease inhibitor RSV Respiratory syncytial virus VZV Varicella-zoster virus... 

---