Volumetric flow rate water

Fig. 17. Heat-transfer coefficient comparisons for the same volumetric flow rates for (A) water, 6.29 kW, and a phase-change-material slurry (O), 10% mixture, 12.30 kW and ( ), 10% mixture, 6.21 kW. The Reynolds number was 13,225 to 17,493 for the case of water.

As with dust cyclones, no reliable pressure-drop equations exist (see Sec. 17), although many have been published. A part of the problem is that there is no standard cyclone geometry. Calvert (R-12) experimentally obtained AP = 0.000513 J Q /hiWi) 2.8hiWi/dl), where AP is in cm of water Pg is the gas density, g/cm is the gas volumetric flow rate, cmVs hj and Wj are cyclone inlet height and width respectively, cm and is the gas outlet diameter, cm. This equation is in the same form as that proposed by Shepherd and Lapple [Ind. Eng. Chem, 31, 1246 (1940)] but gives only 37 percent as much pressure drop. 

The reactor in Fig. 5 operates as follows. A feed solution containing a given concentration of pollutant is pumped to the adsorbent module at a fixed volumetric flow rate. The module is kept isothermal by a temperature control unit, such as a surrounding water bath. Finally, the concentration of the outlet solution is measured as a function of time from when the feed was introduced to the adsorbent module. These measurements are often plotted as breakthrough curves. Example breakthrough curves for an aqueous acetone solution flowing... 

This section provides a general overview of the properties of lake systems and presents tlie basic tools needed for modeling of lake water quality. The priiiciptil physical features of a lake are length, depth (i.e., water level), area (both of the water surface and of tire drainage area), and volume. The relationship betw een the flow of a lake or reserv oir and the volume is also an important characteristic. The ratio of the volume to the (volumetric) flow represents tlie hydraulic retention time (i.e., the time it would take to empty out the lake or reservoir if all inputs of water to the lake ceased). This retention time is given by the ratio of the water body volume and tire volumetric flow rate. 

V = volumetric flow rate for incoming fresh air Vjnin = minimum fresh air flow required based on slope of operating line L/V on x-y diagram x = mol fraction VOC contaminant in exiting water stream, usually aimed at meeting the environmental regulations... 

Ap = Pressure drop, in. water Apo = Pressure drop, no entrainment, in. water Api = Pressure drop due to liquid load, in. water Apr = Pressure drop, total across wet pad, in. water Qd = Dispensed phase volumetric flow rate, cu ft/sec... 

Other notation Q = Volumetric flow rate of water entering basin P = Volumetric treatment rate in processing plant... 

Water flows into the water column at a volumetric flow rate Q containing a total metal concentration Cin. It is assumed that water flows out from the column at the same rate and at the same concentration as in the water column. Mass balances on the water column and top sediment layer give... 

Volumetric flow rate of water into water column... 

Calculate the volumetric flow rate of water through a pipe with an inside diameter of 0.15 m fitted with an orifice plate containing a concentric hole of diameter 0.10 m given the following data. 

To recapitulate the discrepancies in literature, Datta et al. (D4) varied the viscosity of water from 0.012 to 1.108 poise and found that with an increase in the viscosity, the bubble volume decreased for all the nozzles used. This is in apparent contradiction to the observations of most of the other investigators. An effort can now be made to explain this discrepancy on the basis of the present model. Note is to be made of the extremely small volumetric flow rates employed by Datta et al. (D4). In fact, they are in the range where effects due to viscosity are negligible when compared to the effects of surface tension. Thus, though there is a hundredfold increase in the viscosity, it is accompanied by a large variation in the surface tension, which decreases from 72.8 to 65.7 dyn per centimeter. At the very small flow rates employed, the decrease in the bubble volume observed by Datta et al. (D4) seems more likely to be due to this decrease in the surface tension rather than to the hundredfold increase in the viscosity. Thus, the influence of surface tension has been mistakenly attributed to the effect of viscosity. The actual values of the bubble volumes obtained by these authors for a typical nozzle are given in Table VI along with those obtained by the application of the present model. 

To remove the heat of reaction, a cooling jacket surrounds the reactor. Cooling water is added to the jacket at a volumetric flow rate Fj and with an... 

We will study in detail the simulation and control of this system later in this book. Here let us simply say that there is a known relationship between the error signal E (or the temperature setpoint minus the reactor temperature) and the volumetric flow rates of steam and cooling water. ... 

To obtain a large transfer area between raffinate and extract phases, one of the two liquids must be dispersed into drops. Figure 9.2 demonstrates this process schematically at a single nozzle. Similar to a dripping water tap, individual drops periodically leave the nozzle when the volumetric flow rate of the dispersed phase is low. When the flow rate is higher, however, the liquid forms a continuous jet from the nozzle that breaks into droplets. Because of stochastic mechanisms, uniform droplets are not formed. If the polydispersed droplet swarm is characterized by a suitable mean drop... 

At equilibrium conditions, the rate at which water enters the bed with the feed Wu,f is equal fo fhe rafe af which it is removed at the condenser, W ,c- The gain in water vapour partial pressure in the fluidizing gas across the bed - p i) depends upon the volumetric flow rate of fluidizing gas Q, fhe fofal pressure in the system P, and the density of water vapour Thus... 

A cylindrical tank (1.22 m diameter) is filled with water to an operating level equal to the tank diameter. The tank is equipped with four equally spaced baffles, the width of which is one tenth of the tank diameter. The tank is agitated with a 0.36 m diameter, flat-blade disk turbine. The impeller rotational speed is 4.43 rps. The air enters through an open-ended tube situated below the impeller and its volumetric flow rate is 0.0217 m3/s at 1.08 atm and 25°C. Calculate ... 

The incremental pressure drop for wet mesh is not available for all operating conditions or for mesh of different styles. The data of York and Poppele for wet-mesh incremental pressure drop, APL in cm of water, are shown in Fig. 14-122 or parameters of liquid velocity LI A, defined as liquid volumetric flow rate, cm3/min per unit of mesh cross-sectional area in cm2 liquid density pL is in g/cm3. 

The second process of water vapor removal down the channel can be described by the convective flux, Q(pw,Sat PvMet)KRTA), representing the maximum amount of water vapor removed with the purge gas when the exit purge gas is fully saturated with vapor. In the above definition Q is the purge gas volumetric flow rate and A the active area of the fuel cell. Both parameters defined above have the unit of mol/s per unit of the fuel cell active area. It follows that... 

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the experimental setup. The test section is a horizontal rectangular channel 40 mm in height (H), 160 mm in width (W), and 6,000 mm in length (L). The rectangular channel is completely constructed of transparent acrylic resin, as shown in Figure 2. Tap water and air are used as the gas and liquid phases, respectively. Water is circulated by a 2.2 kW pump fed by a water reservoir 4.2 m away. Air bubbles are injected into the horizontal channel from the upper inner surface of the channel. An array of capillary needles produces bubbles 10-100 mm in length. Before the air and water are mixed, their volumetric flow rates are measured. After leaving the horizontal channel, the gas-liquid mixture is dumped into a tank that acts as a bubble remover when the liquid phase is recirculated it is free of bubbles. At the end of the horizontal channel tracer particles are added to the water to act as ultrasound reflectors. The mean particle diameter is 200 pm and the particle density is 1020 kg/m3. These tracer particles are assumed to...

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