Volumetric Equivalents

The following table will be helpful sition of 190 proof and anhydrous alcohol. 

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The volumetric equivalent diameter, d,. in., is again calculated on the basis of 4X the hydraulic radius see Figure 10-56. 

For plain tubing, the nominal O.D. replaces de. The volumetric equivalent diameter does not distinguish between square pitch and square pitch rotated by 45°. 

Kobashigawa Y, Sakurai M, Nitta K. Effect of hydrostatic pressure on unfolding of alpha-lactalbumin volumetric equivalence of the molten globule and unfolded state. Protein Sci. 1999 8 2765-2772. 

Prepare a volumetric solution to have a normality (molarity) within 10% of the stated value and to be standardized to four significant figures. When volumetric equivalence factors are provided in tests and assays, the term 0.X N (M) is understood to mean a VS having a normality (molarity) of exactly 0.X000 N (M). If the normality (molarity) of the VS employed in a particular procedure differs from 0.X000, apply an appropriate correction factor. 

Industrial Solvents Handbook Table 6.35 Volumetric Equivalents (30)... 

The problem in any quantitative volumetric analysis for ions in solution is to determine accurately the equivalence point. This is often found by using an indicator, but in redox reactions it can often... 

Accurately weigh about 6 g NaCl and dissolve in distilled water. Pass the solution through a well-rinsed cation exchange column (Dowex 50W) in the hydrogen form. The equivalent amount of HCl is washed from the column (in 10 column volumes) into a volumetric flask and made up to volume. Equivalent weight is the formula weight. 

After adding p-rosaniline and formaldehyde, the colored solution was diluted to 25 ml in a volumetric flask. The absorbance was measured at 569 nm in a 1-cm cell, yielding a value of 0.485. A standard sample was prepared by substituting a 1.00-mL sample of a standard solution containing the equivalent of 15.00 ppm SO2 for the air sample. The absorbance of the standard was found to be 0.181. Report the concentration of SO2 in the air in parts per million. The density of air maybe taken as 1.18 g/L. 

Djj. The Grashof number Nq, = Dj pgpAto/p" were is equivalent diameter, g is acceleration due to gravity, p is coefficient of volumetric expansion, p is viscosity, p is density, and Atg is the difference between the temperature at the wall and that in the bulk fluid. Nq, must be calculated from fluid properties at the bulk temperature. 

For use in die equivalent diameter equations, the following volumetric de, in., values are taken from reference 206. 

The last definition has widespread use in the volumetric analysis of solutions. If a fixed amount of reagent is present in a solution, it can be diluted to any desired normality by application of the general dilution formula V,N, = V N. Here, subscripts 1 and 2 refer to the initial solution and the final (diluted) solution, respectively V denotes the solution volume (in milliliters) and N the solution normality. The product VjN, expresses the amount of the reagent in gram-milliequivalents present in a volume V, ml of a solution of normality N,. Numerically, it represents the volume of a one normal (IN) solution chemically equivalent to the original solution of volume V, and of normality N,. The same equation V N, = V N is also applicable in a different context, in problems involving acid-base neutralization, oxidation-reduction, precipitation, or other types of titration reactions. The justification for this formula relies on the fact that substances always react in titrations, in chemically equivalent amounts. 

The equivalent derated standard volumetric flowrate q. (scfm) is... 

After extraction of the neutral oil from the AOS sample, the neutral oil is made up volumetrically to at least a 10% solution in hexane. Of this solution 4 pi is spotted onto a silica gel TLC plate, together with terminal 5-sultone standard in the range 0.4-4 pg (equivalent to 0.1-1% sultone in the neutral oil). It is twice developed in a chamber saturated with 2-propyl ether. The solvent is completely evaporated and the spots visualized by vapor phase sulfuric acid charring using the technique described by Martin and Allen [139]. Humidity is not critical (10-30% is optimum) and activation of the plates has not been found necessary, but it might be required under conditions of high humidity. The level of sultone can be estimated by visual comparison with the standards or by the use of a densitomer. 

In the premixed case and for lean conditions (equivalence ratio less than 1), the volumetric rate of reactants consumption q can be estimated from the light emission intensity I of excited radicals like C or CH [28,33] and OH [34] in the reachon zone. This can be used effectively to measure the volumetric rate of reactants consumption ... 

Expressed in terms of volume, volumetric flow rate and concentration, this is equivalent to... 

Weigh the appropriate amount of Metabolites I and II separately into 100-mL volumetric flasks. If the purity of the metabolite standard is <95%, but at least >90%, adjust the target weight of the standard to compensate for the purity. If the purity is <90%, this standard should not be used. Dilute the standard to volume with absolute ethanol, and mix the solution well to ensure complete dissolution. These solutions contain 1000 pg mL in acetochlor equivalents of each metabolite. From these solutions, prepare mixed metabolites solutions at final concentrations of 0.5,1.0,2.0,5.0, and 10.0 pg mL Store all standards refrigerated (0-6 °C) in amber-glass bottles. 

Heating block, Reacti-Therm III with Reacti-Vap Evaporator or equivalent Culture tubes with screw-caps, 50-mL Volumetric flasks, 10-mL... 

Procedure. Five aliquots of the triazole stock solution of 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 ml. are introduced into 50-ml. volumetric flasks. Each aliquot is diluted to 50 ml. with hexane, making working standards equivalent to 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 micrograms of triazole per ml., respectively. Using a volumetric pipet, 1 ml. of each working standard is... 

Assay preparation Transfer an accurately measured volume of injection, equivalent to about 50 mg of miconazole, to a 100 mL volumetric flask, dilute with Mobile phase to volume, and mix. Transfer 10 mL of this solution to a 100-mL volumetric flask, dilute with Mobile phase to volume, and mix. 

Assay preparation. Transfer not less than 20 Capsules to a blender jar or other container, and add about 150 mL of methylene chloride, and cool in a solid carbon dioxide acetone mixture until the contents have solidified. If necessary, transfer the mixture of capsules and methylene chloride to a blender jar, and blend with high-speed blender until all the solids are reduced to fine particles. Transfer the mixture to a 500-mL volumetric flask, add n-heptane to volume, mix, and allow solids to settle. Transfer an accurately measured volume of this solution, equivalent to 250 mg of valproic acid, to a 100 mL volumetric flask, dilute with w-heptane to volume, and mix. Transfer 5.0 mL to a container equipped with a closure. Add 2.0 mL of the internal standard solution, close the container, and mix. 

The energy density of hydrogen can be doubled as compared to the 10,000 psi CH2 to 70 g/L by liquefaction to 20 K [49]. Five kilogram of hydrogen only requires 71L of volume, and this is equivalent on a volumetric basis to current vehicles. The phase diagram in Figure 10.26... 

The sample is acidified with sulfuric acid. The bromide content is then determined by the volumetric procedure described by Kolthoff and Yutzy [21 ]. In this procedure the buffered sample is treated with excess sodium hypochlorite to oxidise bromide to bromate. Excess hypochlorite is then destroyed by addition of sodium formate. Acidification of the test solution with sulfuric acid followed by addition of excess potassium iodide liberates an amount of iodine equivalent to the bromate (i.e., the original bromide) content of the sample. The liberated iodine is titrated with standard sodium thiosulfate. 

The siphon purging process starts by filling the vessel with liquid — water or any liquid compatible with the product. The purge gas is subsequently added to the vapor space of the vessel as the liquid is drained from the vessel. The volume of purge gas is equal to the volume of the vessel, and the rate of purging is equivalent to the volumetric rate of liquid discharge. 

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