Volume topical

This vohime II Host Guest Complex Chanistry continues the research reviews on crown type host/gucst interactions. The introducing chapter included in volume I also gives some explanations and cross links to this volume. Topics here also are ranging from structural results to phase transfer phenomena, PT-catalysis and stereo lective reactions. The closing remarks are meant to hold for volume I and II. 

The first volume, Topics in Current Chemistry 171 Electronic and Vibronic Spectra of Transitions Metal Complexes I (ed H. Yersin), appeared in 1994. 

A number of refinements and applications are in the literature. Corrections may be made for discreteness of charge [36] or the excluded volume of the hydrated ions [19, 37]. The effects of surface roughness on the electrical double layer have been treated by several groups [38-41] by means of perturbative expansions and numerical analysis. Several geometries have been treated, including two eccentric spheres such as found in encapsulated proteins or drugs [42], and biconcave disks with elastic membranes to model red blood cells [43]. The double-layer repulsion between two spheres has been a topic of much attention due to its importance in colloidal stability. A new numeri-... 

The definition above is a particularly restrictive description of a nanocrystal, and necessarily limits die focus of diis brief review to studies of nanocrystals which are of relevance to chemical physics. Many nanoparticles, particularly oxides, prepared dirough die sol-gel niediod are not included in diis discussion as dieir internal stmcture is amorjihous and hydrated. Neverdieless, diey are important nanoniaterials several textbooks deal widi dieir syndiesis and properties [4, 5]. The material science community has also contributed to die general area of nanocrystals however, for most of dieir applications it is not necessary to prepare fully isolated nanocrystals widi well defined surface chemistry. A good discussion of die goals and progress can be found in references [6, 7, 8 and 9]. Finally, diere is a rich history in gas-phase chemical physics of die study of clusters and size-dependent evaluations of dieir behaviour. This topic is not addressed here, but covered instead in chapter C1.1, Clusters and nanoscale stmctures, in diis same volume. 

The remaining 28 articles have been grouped in five chapters that reflect the main topics of the Berlin meeting. As in any interdisciplinary volume, there is a degree of arbitrariness in the allocation of some of the articles. 

This book is conceived as a textbook for application in teaching and self-learning of chemoinfoimatics. We aim to present a comprehensive overview of the field of che-moinformatics for students, teachers, and scientists from other areas of chemistry, from biology, informatics, and medicine. Those interested in a more in-depth presentation and analysis of the topics in this Textbook are referred to an accompanying set of four volumes. 

Many biochemical databases with sophisticated topics have been developed for solving various problems. Since 1996 the first issue of each journal volume of Nucleic Acid Research has been reserved for the presentation of molecular biology databases [28]. A comprehensive catalog on the Internet is DBCAT, currently listing 511 databases [29, 30). 

A variety of experimental techniques have been employed to research the material of this chapter, many of which we shall not even mention. For example, pressure as well as temperature has been used as an experimental variable to study volume effects. Dielectric constants, indices of refraction, and nuclear magnetic resonsance (NMR) spectra are used, as well as mechanical relaxations, to monitor the onset of the glassy state. X-ray, electron, and neutron diffraction are used to elucidate structure along with electron microscopy. It would take us too far afield to trace all these different techniques and the results obtained from each, so we restrict ourselves to discussing only a few types of experimental data. Our failure to mention all sources of data does not imply that these other techniques have not been employed to good advantage in the study of the topics contained herein. 

The title of this chapter is somewhat misleading. In one sense it is too broad, in another sense too restrictive. We shall really discuss in detail only the phase separation and osmostic pressure of polymer solutions a variety of other thermodynamic phenomena are ignored. In this regard the chapter title would better read Some aspects of. . . . Throughout this volume only a small part of what might be said about any topic is actually presented, so this modifying phrase is taken to be understood and is omitted. 

This chapter contains one of the more diverse assortments of topics of any chapter in the volume. In it we discuss the viscosity of polymer solutions, especially the intrinsic viscosity the diffusion and sedimentation behavior of polymers, including the equilibrium between the two and the analysis of polymers by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). At first glance these seem to be rather unrelated topics, but features they all share are a dependence on the spatial extension of the molecules in solution and applicability to molecular weight determination. 

A detailed examination of the correlation between Vj and M is discussed in references on analytical chemistry such as Ref. 6. We shall only outline the problem, with particular emphasis on those aspects which overlap other topics in this book. To consider the origin of the calibration curve, we begin by picturing a narrow band of polymer solution being introduced at the top of a solvent-filled column. The volume of this solvent can be subdivided into two categories the stagnant solvent in the pores (subscript i for internal) and the interstitial liquid in the voids (subscript v) between the packing particles ... 

M. J. Schick and E. M. Eowkes, eds., Sufactant Science Series, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York. Over 50 special topic volumes covering many aspects... 

The total production volume of these various polyimides is low (<1000 t/yr). Prices tend to be high for example, some Kapton film topics can mn in excess of 176/kg. 

This index contains over 40,000 individual entries to the 6200 text pages of Volumes 1-7. The index mainly covers general classes of heterocyclic compound and specific heterocyclic compounds, but also included are natural products, other organic and organometallic compounds where their synthesis or use involves heterocyclic compounds, types of reaction, named reactions, spectroscopic techniques and topics involving heterocyclic compounds. 

Part 1 (Volume 1) deals with (a) the nomenclature and the literature of heterocyclic compounds (Chapters 1.02 and 1.03), (b) various special topics (Chapters 1.04-1.15), and (c) rings containing less common heteroatoms (Chapters 1.16-1.22). 

The Subject Index of over 20 000 entries has been compiled from keywords, names and formulae in the text and tables. It covers general classes of compound, specific compounds, general types of reaction, specific and named reactions, spectral and other properties, and other topics in heterocyclic chemistry. More details are again given at the beginning of the index in Volume 8. 

We have sought to revise and update this volume, deleting sections that have become more familiar or less important, and incorporating more topical material. The number of compounds in Chapters 3 and 4 have been increased appreciably. Also, further details in purification and physical constants are given for many compounds that were listed in the first edition. 

Thousands of technical papers and many books have been written on the subject of phenolic resins. The polymer is used in hundreds of diverse applications and in very large volumes. It is used worldwide. In fact the term phenolic resin encompasses a wide variety of materials based on a broad range of phenols and co-monomers. In this short article, we cannot expect complete coverage. Our hope is that we can provide an understanding of the fundamental chemistries, uses, and values of these materials as well as enough references to permit the interested reader to begin his own exploration of the topic. 

At the end of this chapter you will find a summary of the topics discussed in this volume. This will help you to focus on specific areas of reading that are most useful to you. There is also a list of recommended resources, including Web sites. 

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