Vitrified clay pipe

For almost 100 years, hot asphalt has been employed as a joint filler for bell-and-spigot vitrified clay pipe used to construct sanitary sewers. The joints in the pipe are assembled and poured much in the way described for clay industrial sewer lines in the Industrial Waste section of this book. Where used for this pur-... 

Obviousiy oakum packing with a hot asphait pitch or tar backing cannot be used for present day industrial wastes, nor can one expect to get fully tight joints in this manner even for gravity sanitary lines, whether they are backed with a hot poured sealant or packed with Portland cement. In present day design, joints in vitrified clay pipe are most often specified in the manner shown in Sketch 1. 

TABLE 2A Dimensions of Vitrified Clay Pipe (SI Units)... 

Fiburloc. Trade name of U.S. Concrete Pipe Co., Cleveland, Ohio, for vitrified clay pipes with joints comprising fibreglass/polyester sockets and urethane spigots. 

ASTM C425—Compression joints for vitrified clay pipe and fittings. 

ASTM C700—Vitrified clay pipe (extra strength, standard strength, and perforated). 

Expansion and contraction are always considerations when working with plastic pipe. These same factors are in play with metal and concrete pipe. PE pipe can expand up to 10 times more than metal or concrete. On the surface, this can appear to be a strike against PE pipe. However, while PE pipe will expand much more than metal or concrete, or even vitrified clay pipe, the modulus of elasticity for the plastic pipe is much lower than it is for the other types of pipe. CPVC expansion loop specifications are shown in Table 5.3. Offsets and changes in direction are shown in Table 5.4. 

Vitrified-Clay Sewer Pipe This pipe is resistant to very dilute chemicals except hydrofluoric acid and is produced as standard-strength and extra-strength (ASTM C700). It is used for sewage, industrial waste, and storm water at atmospheric pressure. Elbows, Y branches, tees, reducers, and increasers are available. Assembly is by poured joints which allow for ample angular deflection. Joint com-... 

Crete piping systems can be lined with special salt-glazed vitrified-clay liner plates, joined with a die-cast aspnalt joint. Concrete pressure pipe is competitive with cement-lined ductile iron for underground plant water systems. 

Sulfur Mortars Hot melt-and-pour sulfur mortars are ancient, doubtless one of the oldest of all chemical resistant materials still used today. They are very resistant to non-oxidizing acids and weak alkalies below 200°F over a pH range of 0-12. Three types of sulfur mortars are typically employed (1) One containing an all-silica filler with minimum plasticizer, used to bond acid brick (2) A mortar with an all-carbon filler and minimum plasticizer, used primarily to lay carbon brick for nitric-hydrofluoric acid pickling tanks (to clean stainless steels) and the underlying floors and (3) A much more flexible all-silica filled product with double the amount of plasticizer of the other two mortars, used to join vitrified clay (terra cotta) pipe conveying waste acids and other effluent chemicals, and to assemble "pole line hardware" for the power industry. 

Thermosetting polyesters are widely used for moldings, laminated or reinforced structures, surface gel coatings, and liquid castings. Cast products include furniture, bowling balls, simulated marble, gaskets for vitrified clay sewer pipe, pistol grips, pearlescent shirt buttons, and implosion barriers for television tubes. 

GVC. Abbreviation for glazed VITRIFIED clay term applied to glazed clay pipes. 

Liner Plates. Vitrified clay units shapied in the arc of a circle, used as a protective internal lining for pipes, culverts and other structures. They usually have tenon ribs on their backs to key them firmly to the structure to be protected. ASTM C479 refers. 

Vitrified clayware is sintered stoneware which is hardly porous and can withstand chemical and mechanical outside influences. For those reasons vitrified clayware is used for sewers, as a coating for vessels, reactor inlets, pipes, valves and pumps. Plastic clay with a relatively high content of aluminium and alkali metals and a low lime content is used as raw material... 

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