Patent blue

Chemical/Dye Class Triphenylmethane Molecular Formula C27H3iN206S2Na Molecular Weight 566.68 pH Range 0.8-3.0 

Color Change at pH Yellow-orange (0.8) to deep blue (3.0) 

Solubility Soluble in water partly soluble in ethanol insoluble in xylene UV-Visible (A, v) 635 nm, 410 nm Melting Point 250°C Synthesis Synthetic methodsi-3 

Safety/Toxicity Acute toxicity, genotoxidty, mutagenicity, aUeigic reaction, adverse reaction  

Hayashi, H. Kitaoka, N. Color changable ink composition for writing and writing tool made from the same. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 2002265843, 2002 Chem. Abstr. 2002,137, 249242. 

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Continuous free flow electrophoresis has been used for the separation of biopolymers (e.g. ovalbumin and lysozyme) [20] as well as smaller inorganic species (e.g. [Co sepulchrate)] and [Co (CN)g] ) [21]. Sample processing rates of 15 mg h were reported for a mixture of Amaranth (MW 804) and Patent Blue VF (MW 1159) [22]. 

Dyes. Vital dyes have been used for many years in a variety of clinical situations. Patent blue V (also called E131, Acid blue 3, Disulfine blue) and Isosulfan blue (also called Patent blue violet or Lymphazurine), belong to the group of triarylmethane dyes and are the most commonly used [24]. Reports of IgE-dependent anaphylaxis arise. Anaphylactic reactions involving methylene blue seems to be very rare, however, several reports of sensitization to both Patent blue and methylene blue have previously been reported. 

Forschner K, Kleine-Tebbe A, Zuberbier T, Worm M Type I sensitization towards Patent blue as a cause of anaphylaxis Allergy 2003 58 457. 

Direct and derivative spectrophotometric and IP-RP-HPLC methods were applied to identify and determine synthetic dyes and follow their degradation processes. " The dyes considered were Tartrazine (E 102), Quinoline Yellow (E 104), Sunset Yellow (E 110), Carmosine (E 122), Amaranth (E 123), New Coccine (E 124), Patent Blue Violet (E 131), and Brillant Blue ECE (E 133). All are considered representative additives for soft drinks. 

Azo dyes Allura Red AC, Amaranth, Azorubine, Brilliant Black BN, Brown FK, Brown HT, Lithol Rubine BK, Ponceau 4R, Red 2G, Sunset Yellow, Tartrazine Triarylmethane (triphenylmethane) dyes Brilliant Blue FCF, Fast green FCF, Green S, Patent Blue V... 

Patent Blue V (E 131, Cl Food Blue 5, Patent Blue 5) is a triarylmethane dye, the calcium or sodium salt of 2-[(4-diethylaminophenyl)(4-diethylimino-2,5-cyclo-hexadien-l-ylidene)methyl]-4-hydroxy-l,5-benzenedisulfonate. It is a dark-blue powder, soluble in water, slightly soluble in ethanol. The absorption maximum is 638 nm in water, pH 5, with = 2000. Patent blue is not permitted for use as... 

Mennel, S. et al.. Patent blue a novel vital dye in vitreoretinal surgery, Ophthalmo-logica, 220,190, 2006. 

Blue Patent Blue Y E131 Not permitted Triarylmethane... 

E131 Patent Blue V Blue 5 Blue 1 Triarylmethane... 

The electropherogams demonstrate the baseline separation of dyes even in the presence of complicated accompanying matrices such as mint syrup. The LOD and LOQ values were between 1.0 - 1.7 and 3.2 - 5.5 jUg/ml, respectively, and the RSD of migration time and peak areas ranged 1.3 - 1.8 per cent and 2.0 - 3.1 per cent. The migration times of the dyes were Tartrazine, 9.97 min Sunset yellow FCF 6.73 min Amaranth, 8.41 min New coccine, 7.49 min Allura red AC, 5.43 min Patent blue V calcium salt, 4.23 min. The amounts of synthetic dyes found in commercial samples are compiled in Table 3.38. It has been stated that the analysis time is rapid and the method makes possible the separation and determination of these dyes at ppm levels in various foodstuffs [186],... 

E Anklam, A Mueller, J Schmalfuss. High performance liquid chromatographic analysis of patent blue V in cheese. Chromatogr 41(7/8) 431-434, 1995. 

Patent blue FCF E131 Good Good Poor Bright blue... 

With benzaldehyde-2-sulfonic and benzaldehyde-2,4-disulfonic acids, important acid dyes are synthesized by this reaction. They are known as patent blue dyes. 

Recently the cases of severe allergic reactions to yeast, buckwheat, and macrogol were identified in Finland—patent blue and carmine dye have been noted in Finland (Airola et al. 2006, Makinen-Kiljunen and Flaahtela 2008). 

There are many scientific reports (although typically not recent ones) on tartra-zine, azo, and non-azo dyes, which suggest that these colorings can cause adverse reactions (albeit not so frequently < 1%) (Nettis et al. 2003). There have been rare cases of urticaria or asthma developed after ingesting tartrazine or other azo dyes, but the relationship between the cause and illness symptoms is generally overestimated, as it is based on earlier studies (Nettis et al. 2003, Stevenson 2008, van Bever et al. 1989). It has also been identified that patent blue and carmine dye induced severe allergic reactions (Makinen-Kiljunen and Haahtela 2008). 

Sulfonation. The direct sulfonation of alkylaminotriphenylmethane dyes gives mixtures of substituted products. Although dyes containing anilino or benzylamino groups give more selective substitution, a sulfonated intermediate such as 3[(N-ethyl-N-phenylamino)methyl]benzenesulfonic acid (ethylbenzylanilinesulfonic acid) is the preferred starting material. However, Patent Blue V [354649-0], Cl Acid Blue 3, was made from 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde and two moles of diethyl aniline, followed by sulfonation of the leuco base and oxidation to the dye. FD C Green 2 [5141 -20-8/,... 

Erythrosine Extra Fuchsin S Guinea Green B Hessian Purple NR Columbian Black Naphthol Yellow S Nyanza Black Orange II Patent Blue A Picric Acid Ponceau 4GB Primuline Resorcin Yellow Rose Indulin 2G Acid Violet 5BN Acid Violet 6B Salm Red Tartrazin... 

Partial condensers, 24, 341 Partial reduction, 79, 113 Patent blues, 301 Permanent red 2G, 267 Phenanthrene, 1 Phenol, 51, 86 from chlorobenzene, 76, 88 technical observations, Phenolphthalein paper, 395 Phenols, separation, 30 Phend-o-svdfonic acid, 51 Phenol-m-sulfonic acid, 144,145... 

The chlorine atom in o-chlorobenzaldehyde is easily replaceable by a sulfo group by heating the chloro compound with neutral sulfite at 150°C. Ortho sulfo-nated benzaldehyde give alkali fast triphenylmethane dyes (patent blue, erioglau-cine, xylene blue). 

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