Vitellogenin synthesis

Pelissero, C., Flouriot, G., and Foucher, J.L. (1993). Vitellogenin Synthesis in Cultured-Hepatocytes—an in vitro Test for the Estrogenic Potency of Chemicals. Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 44, 263-272. 

Olsson, P.E., M. Zafarullah, and L. Gedamu. 1989. A role of metallothionein in zinc regulation after oestradiol induction of vitellogenin synthesis in rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri. Biochem. Jour. 257 555-559. 

Chinzei Y, Okuda T, Ando K (1989) Vitellogenin synthesis and ovarian development in nymphal and newly emerged adult female Ornithodoris moubata (Acari Argasidae). J Med Entomol 26 30-36... 

Another aspect of the sex pheromone communication system concerns the endogenous signals that control pheromone production and release from the emitting insect. A number of hormones have been found to be involved in the control of pheromone production in various insect species (18). Juvenile hormone was found to induce vitellogenesis and sex pheromone production in some cockroach and beetle species. However, ecdysteroids were found to be involved in regulating reproductive processes, including vitellogenin synthesis, in dipteran species. 

Pelissero, C., G. Flouriot, J.L. Foucher, et al. 1993. Vitellogenin synthesis in cultured hepatocytes an in vitro test for the estrogenic potency of chemicals. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 44 263-272. 

Taub-Montemayor T. E. and Rankin M. A. (1997) Regulation of vitellogenin synthesis and uptake in the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis. Physiol. Entomol. 22, 261-268. 

This inability of fully functional receptor complexes to activate a given gene also occurs in normal cells. In new-born chicks, a single injection of oestradiol has a delayed effect on vitellogenin synthesis in liver. Having been exposed once to the hormone, second injections elicit an immediate response. It has been suggested that the first injection demethylates methyl cytosine residues within the hormone response element, thereby allowing receptor attachment [29]. 

Lom-AKH-I suppresses fat body protein synthesis in locusts. Administration of glandular lobe extracts or synthetic Lom-AKH-I inhibits protein synthesis by 60% in immature and adult locusts (63). Lom-AKH-I does not mobilize lipids in larval locusts (36), and it is speculated that the major action of Lom-AKH-I in immatures is to regulate protein synthesis. The inhibitory effect of Lom-AKH-I on protein synthesis is observed for adult locusts in vivo at doses that are lower than those needed for lipid mobilization (64), and both arylphorin and vitellogenin synthesis are suppressed. TTie inhibitory action of Lom-AKH-I is also confirmed for in vitro protein synthesis by the muscle and gut, as well as the fat body. In preparations of dispersed fat body cells, synthetic Lom-AKH-I stimulated cAMP synthesis and lipid release but inhibited protein synthesis by 70% (38). 

Anderson, M.J., M.R. Miller and D.E. Hinton. In vitro modulation of 17-/3-estradiol-induced vitellogenin synthesis effects of cytochrome P4501A1 inducing compounds on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) liver cells. Aquat. Toxicol. 34 327-350, 1996. 

Maitre, J.L., Y. Valotaire and C. Guguen-Guillouzo. Estradiol-17/3 stimulation of vitellogenin synthesis in primary culture of male rainbow trout hepatocytes. In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. 22 337-343, 1986. 

In adult female D. punctata, JH III is involved in the regulation of vitellogenin synthesis during ovarian development [44, 45, 78]. After the final moult and subsequent mating, the total amount of JH III in whole body extracts rises from 32.1 ng to its highest value on day 4 (196 ng), then falls to 12.8 ng over the next three days and remains at this low level [57]. 

There is evidence for both ovarian and extra-ovarian synthesis of female-specific lipoproteins by crustaceans. In isopods and amphipods there is evidence of vitellogenin synthesis by subepidermal adipose tissue. Several decapods show vitellogenin synthesis by the hepatopancreas. There is clear evidence that the crustacean ovary contributes to lipovitellin synthesis. The presence of vitellogenin in hemolymph before development of the ovary suggests that extra-ovarian tissues may be the site of vitellogenin or lipovitellin synthesis before ovary development begins, followed by active ovarian lipovitellin synthesis. 

Recent developments suggest that methyl farnosoate may be a crustacean juvenile hormone and thus plays an important role in controlling vitellogenin synthesis in crustaceans. 

Azadirachtin, applied topically to final-instar larvae of lepidopteran insects, affects oogenesis and reproductive maturation in subsequent female moths (74). Moths obtained from such treated larvae developed fewer mature oocytes, possibly as a result of interference of azadirachtin with vitellogenin synthesis and/or its uptake by developing oocytes. Larval treatments also cause decreased viability of emerging larvae from affected eggs. 

The activation of vitellogenin synthesis in liver cells of the rooster after injection of 17jS-estradiol is a consequence of the induction of mRNA synthesis. The amount of mRNA increases, in this case, from 0-5 molecules to 5000 molecules per cell. Therefore, in this case, vitellogenin synthesis included the activation of a dormant gene in a totally differentiated and metabolically active cell (Deeley et al., 1977). 

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