Proteins synthesis regulation

Protein synthesis-regulating receptors (D) for steroids, thyroid hormone, and retinoic acid are found in the cytosol and in the cell nucleus, respectively. 

Gene therapy may be defined as the administration of exogenous DNA, in the form of intact gene(s) for therapeutic purposes. There are some a priori characteristics for diseases that are likely to be attractive targets for gene therapy, and a fundamental contrast between the gene therapy of protein replacement, in comparison with protein synthesis regulation. 

It is now well-acknowledged that noncoding RNAs play an essential role in many cellular processes (e.g., protein synthesis, regulation), even if the function of the majority of RNAs remains to be elucidated (1). Many of noncoding RNAs have characteristic secondary structures that are highly conserved in evolution. Identifying conserved structure is the first step toward the comprehension of the function of the molecule. Computational approaches provide unexpansive and efficient tools for that purpose. 

The thyroid gland synthesizes and releases T3 (3, 3 -triiodothyronine) and (thyroxine) which regulate protein synthesis, regulate membrane-bound enzymes and stimulate mitochondrial oxidation. T3 and also regulate fetal and infant brain development and childhood growth. T3 is more potent than T. ... 

In contrast to the harmful biogenic amines, the polyamines putrescene, spermidine and spermine are necessary for optimal growth and function of cells. They are involved in DNA, RNA and protein synthesis, regulation of gene expression, enzyme activity, cell proliferation and cell signaUtng. 

The observed differences between the results obtained by investigators of protein synthesis regulation by the cardioviruses and those studying poliovirus remained unreconciled for several years, and were largely ignored by each other. This was likely due to a firm belief held by almost all picornavirologists that the basic replication... 

Yost, H.J., Petersen, R.B., Lindquist, S. (1990). Post-transcriptional regulation of heat shock protein synthesis in Drosophila In Stress Proteins in Biology and Medicine (Morimoto, R., Tissieres, A. Georgopoulos, C., eds.), pp. 379-409, CSH Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor. 

Singh, N.K., La Rosa, P.C., Handa, A.K., Hasegawa, P.M. Bressan, R.A. (1987f>). Hormonal regulation of protein synthesis associated with salt tolerance in plant cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 84,739-43. 

Lindquist, S. (1981). Regulation of protein synthesis during heat shock. Nature, 294, 311-14. 

Many of these compounds—puromycin and cycloheximide in particular—are not cfinically useful but have been important in elucidating the role of protein synthesis in the regulation of metabolic processes, particularly enzyme induction by hormones. 

In addition to its role in regulating calcium homeostasis, vitamin D is required for the intestinal absorption of calcium. Synthesis of the intracellular calciumbinding protein, calbindin, required for calcium absorption, is induced by vitamin D, which also affects the permeability of the mucosal cells to calcium, an effect that is rapid and independent of protein synthesis. 

---