Viscous food

Bylaite, E., Adler-Nissen, J., and Meyer, A.S. Effect of xanthan on flavor release from thickened viscous food model systems, J. Agric. Food Chem., 53(9) 3577-3583, 2005. 

Figure H3.1.1 Responses from purely elastic or purely viscous foods under oscillatory testing. The controlled parameters of the oscillatory applied stress or strain are amplitude, frequency, temperature, and duration of measurement. The measured parameters are amplitude and phase shift (8) of the strain or stress response.

Alkaline carmine formulations can be used in acid conditions if the colour is entrapped in the viscous food matrix. Hence water-soluble carmine has excellent stability in ice-lollies, hard-boiled candy, gums, jellies and the like. If used in a non-viscous product, e.g., soft drinks, the aluminium bond in the carmine may break and the colour will precipitate thereby changing hue towards a more orange shade. 

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) Conventional SEM Structural information for food powders, solid foods, and viscous foods... 

Finally, a section is devoted to the difficult problem of solid or highly viscous food in bottles. In this case, the diffusion acts as the driving force either through the thickness of the package or within the solid food. But the problem should be resolved using three-dimensional transport, leading to a non uniform concentration of the contaminant in the food. 

Dietary fibre is a beneficial material for constipation, gastric and duodenal ulcers, haemorrhoids, rectum and colon (colorectal) cancer, commonly known as bowel cancer, and other diseases. Eating foods high in fibre is recommended for the modulation of glucose levels in blood serum and in some forms of diabetes (especially type 2 diabetes). This also has the effect of reducing serum cholesterol level, and can thus help to prevent cardiovascular diseases. The effect is explained by the reduced absorption of cholesterol from viscous foods and by cholesterol binding to fibre. 

Pectins are readily soluble in water to give viscous stable solutions. However, the importance of pectin to industry, in particular the food industry, is the abihty of its solutions to form gels with sugar (ca 65% soHds) and acid or calcium ion under suitable conditions (51). 

Rheology is the science of the deformation and flow of matter. It is concerned with the response of materials to appHed stress. That response may be irreversible viscous flow, reversible elastic deformation, or a combination of the two. Control of rheology is essential for the manufacture and handling of numerous materials and products, eg, foods, cosmetics, mbber, plastics, paints, inks, and drilling muds. Before control can be achieved, there must be an understanding of rheology and an ability to measure rheological properties. 

The plate heat exchanger can also be used for evaporation of highly viscous fluids when the evaporation occurs in plate or the liquid flashes after leaving the plate. Applications generally have been restricted to the soap and food industries. The advantage of these units is their ability to concentrate viscous fluids of up to 50 poise. 

One of the most striking and useful properties of exopolysaccharides is that they can form gels at relatively low concentration (typically around 1%). Gels are distinct from viscous solutions that flow readily and are used widely in the food industry and in some personal care products. The mechanism of gel formation depends on the type of microbial exopolysaccharide ... 

When a topical gel, such as lidocaine viscous, is used for oral anestiiesia for die control of pain, the nurse instructs die patient not to eat food for 1 hour after use because local anestiiesia of die mouth or throat may impair swallowing and increase die possibility of aspiration. 

Figure 7.29 shows a Sulzer type SMX static mixer where the mixing element consists of a lattice of intermeshing and interconnecting bars contained in a pipe 80 mm diameter. It is recommended for viscous materials in laminar flow. The mixer shown is used in food processing, for example mixing fresh cheese with whipped cream. 

The fact that very low concentrations of polymer give highly viscous solutions is exploited commercially in a number of applications. The thickening action of polymers is often necessary for water-based substances, such as foods, toothpastes, or emulsion paints, but examples also occur of the use of polymers to thicken solvent-based products, such as paint stripper. 

Lipid-soluble food grade copper chlorophyll is manufactured similarly by extraction of adequate plant material, followed by replacement of magnesium by copper, and purihcation steps to remove carotenoids, waxes, sterols, oils, and other minor components that are co-extracted. Commercial copper chlorophylls may vary physically, ranging from viscous resins to fluid dilutions in edible oils as well as granulated forms and emulsions standardized with edible vegetable oil. Colors may vary... 

The adhesive was developed for application to seal food containers with alumina foils and to seal glass plates. In this case, the vinyl polymerization step can be carried out by UV light radiation through the already mounted glass plates with a photoactive radical initiator to cure the viscous adhesive material. Another application of this material is the development of diffusion barrier containing protective coatings on medieval stained glasses (31). 

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