Viscera

Pish silage prepared by autolysis of rainbow trout viscera waste was investigated as a substrate for the plastein reaction using pepsin (pH 5.0), papain (pH 6—7), and chymotrypsin (pH 8.0) at 37°C for 24 h (152). Precipitation with ethanol was the preferred recovery method. Concentration of the protein hydrolysate by open-pan evaporation at 60°C gave equivalent yields and color of the final plastein to those of the freeze-dried hydrolysate. 

Other Lethal Agents. There are a number of substances, many found in nature, which are known to be more toxic than nerve agents (6). None has been weaponized. Examples of these toxic natural products include shellfish poison, isolated from toxic clams puffer fish poison, isolated from the viscera of the puffer fish the active principle of curare "heart poisons" of the digitaUs type the active principle of the sea cucumber active principles of snake venom and the protein ricin, obtained from castor beans (See Castor oil). 

Smooth muscle Involuntary muscle tissue found in viscera and blood vessel... 

Eingeweide, n. viscera, entrails intestines. Elngeweide-. visceral intestinal, eingiessen, v.t. pour in infuse. 

Cut meats are usually wrapped or vacuum packed directly after cutting. The viscera, bones and other parts not going for human consumption have a byproduct value, and will probably need to be stored at chill temperature before disposal. 

As distinct from the acetyl choline receptor of the neuromuscular junction, the acetyl receptors of the viscera are not blocked by nicotine but are blocked by muscarine. Moreover, based on differences in the binding of the muscarinic antagonist, pirenzapine, the muscarinic acetyl choline receptors (mAChRs), are separated into two classes, viz. high affinity mj receptors, and low affinity m2 receptors. The latter predominates in the heart, cerebellum, and smooth muscle broadly. These different receptors mediate quite different actions. 

As noted in Table 49-3, slow cycling of the crossbridges permits slow prolonged contraction of smooth muscle (eg, in viscera and blood vessels) with less utilization of ATP compared with striated muscle. The ability of smooth muscle to maintain force at reduced velocities of contraction is referred to as the latch state this is an important feamre of smooth muscle, and its precise molecular bases are under smdy. 

Distribution. The first indication of the occurrence of palytoxin in fish was presented in 1969 (16). The filefish Altera scripta belonging to family Monacathidae was traditionally known in Okinawa, Japan, to contain a toxic substance in the gut and, thus, to kill pigs when fed to them. The presence of fragments of Palythoa sp. in the guts and the resemblance in solubility between the fish toxin and palytoxin led the authors to a conclusion that the toxic principle in the filefish viscera was palytoxin. Incidence of human intoxication due to eating the filefish was not confirm. ... 

In broad terms, pain can be divided into two categories, acute and chronic, which differ in their aetiology, mechanisms and pathophysiology. Acute pain and its associated responses are provoked by noxious stimulation and/or disease, or by abnormal function of muscle or viscerae which does not involve actual tissue damage. Although acute pain conditions may last for a length of time if not treated effectively, many cases of acute... 

The cells comprising lamina V are more diverse than those of lamina IV and their dendrites extend vertically toward the superficial layers. Cell bodies in lamina V contribute to three projection pathways, the SCT, PSDC and STT. However, the STT cells appear to be predominant in this lamina. Lamina V plays an important role in nociception since it receives both A - and C-fibre inputs. Some cells in lamina V also respond to cutaneous low- and high-threshold mechanical stimuli and receive nociceptive inputs from the viscerae. Many of these neurons also project onto mononeurons and so act as interneurons in the polysynaptic withdrawal reflex to noxious stimuli. 

Nociceptors Receptors for pain caused by injury from physical stimuli (mechanical, electrical, or thermal) or chemical stimuli (toxins). Nociceptors are located in the skin, muscles, and in the walls of the viscera. 

Omentumectomy Excision of the double fold of peritoneum attached to the stomach and connecting it with abdominal viscera (omentum). 

Fish (five sites) Viscera Rio Grande 31.2-198.0 lO 5 pCi/g d.w. Range of means... 

Fig. 7 Thiopental concentrations in various tissues following 25-mg/kg IV bolus doses. Solid symbols indicate data in dogs the open circles are from data in humans. Lines correspond to predicted values in various tissues using a perfusion model containing compartments corresponding to the blood, viscera, lean, and adipose tissues. (From Ref. 26.)...

In more recent studies the use of HPLC allowed isolation and counting of individual sterols after administration of labelled precursors. The sterols isolated from mantles and viscera of the nudibranch Doris verrucosa were identified as cholestanol, cholesterol, 24-dehydrocholesterol and 7-dehydrocholesterol [103]. After injection of dl-[2-14C]-mevalonic acid DBED salt, cholesterol (57) and 7-dehydrocholesterol (58) were isolated as the acetates by reversed phase HPLC. Both sterols were found significantly labelled specific radioactivity associated with 7-dehydrocholesterol was higher by one order of magnitude than that associated with cholesterol. This fact would indicate either that the reduction of the A1 double bond of 7-dehydrocholesterol to afford cholesterol occurs at a low rate, or that the cholesterol found in D. verrucosa comes partly from a dietary source. 

Secondary Hazards Blood and body fluids Body tissue (Viscera). 

Shrimp, Pandalus jordan r, muscle Brown shrimp, Penaeus aztecus Texas Exoskeleton Muscle Whole Viscera... 

Sea squirt, Ciona intestinalis California Tunic Viscera... 

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