Silage preparation

Pish silage prepared by autolysis of rainbow trout viscera waste was investigated as a substrate for the plastein reaction using pepsin (pH 5.0), papain (pH 6—7), and chymotrypsin (pH 8.0) at 37°C for 24 h (152). Precipitation with ethanol was the preferred recovery method. Concentration of the protein hydrolysate by open-pan evaporation at 60°C gave equivalent yields and color of the final plastein to those of the freeze-dried hydrolysate. 

With very wet samples - such as silage or sediments - there is the potential for the soluble components of interest to be lost during sample preparation. Some components e.g. ammonia or organic compounds may also be volatilised or metabolised during storage and preparation. Such samples may need to be frozen for storage and kept frozen throughout the sample preparation and as test samples are taken. 

PAs have a large variety of related structures, and include both tertiary (free base) compounds and their corresponding N-oxides (PANOs), which behave differently in many analytical systems. The analytical requirements are for methods for detecting PAs in wild and cultivated plants, in plants and plant preparations used for dietary supplements and herbal medicines, hay, silage and compound animal feeds, foods including honey, milk, and teas. 

To determine functionality and price, primary and secondary processors and commodity brokers demand the most accurate chemical and instmmental analyses obtainable. But what of the material tested This is almost invariably a sample of the complex conglomeration of flour, grain, cotton/polyester, cottonseed, silage, milk, coal, or whatever commodity is to be purchased or used. The integrity of laboratory analysis, whether it be by NIR or a reference wet chemistry method lies at the mercy of the sample tested. The sample tested is in turn dependent on the sampling method and its preparation for analysis. This chapter will address these aspects. Sample selection is also very important. In particular, it affects calibration of NIR instruments and is discussed later. 

Feed is any edible material prepared for and offered to livestock, exclusive of growing forages, silage, and cured 1. ... 

Wang J, Wang JQ, Zhou H, Feng T (2009) Effects of addition of previously fermented juice prepared from alfalfa on fermentation quality and protein degradation of alfalfa silage. Anim Feed Sci Technol 151(3-4) 280-290. doi 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2009.03.001... 

Beet pulp represents the residue left after sucrose extraction, including the beet tops it is sold as wet pulp (85-90% water), as pressed pulp (80-85% water), dried pulp (10% moisture, 4.5% from 100 kg flesh beet). Dried pulp may be prepared as molassed pulp if disposal of surplus molasses is useftil. Utilization is mainly for animal nutrition (ruminants), including silage products with 58-60% carbohydrate equivalent and 5-6% digestible protein. 

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