Virus composition

Vail, P.V. 1991. Novel virus composition to protect agricultural commodities from insects. U.S. Patent... 

A more detailed chemical balance sheet for phage synthesis will be given later. However, it is clear that although fundamental facts are revealed by comparison of the host and virus composition, no clues relating to phage reproduction are thereby gained. 

Glycophorin A appears to serve a variety of functions on the red-cell membrane, and has been implicated in several red-cell disorders. Because it extends from the external environment of the cell into the cell cytoplasm, it is considered to constitute a receptor for malarial parasites,"" influenza viruses, lectins, and Portuguese man-of-war toxin. Many of these receptor functions are attributable to the carbohydrate composition of these... 

Hepatobiliary disease occurs due to bile duct obstruction from abnormal bile composition and flow. Hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, and cholecystitis may be present. Hepatic steatosis may also be present due to effects of malnutrition. The progression from cholestasis (impaired bile flow) to portal fibrosis and to focal and multilobar cirrhosis, esophageal varices, and portal hypertension takes several years. Many patients are compensated and asymptomatic but maybe susceptible to acute decompensation in the event of extrinsic hepatic insult from viruses, medications, or other factors.7... 

The structures of virions (virus particles) are quite diverse. Viruses vary widely in size, shape, and chemical composition. The... 

Helgstrand, A.J.E., Johansson, K.N.G., Misiorny, A., Noren, J.O., and Stening, G.B., Aliphatic Derivatives of Phosphonoformic Acid, Pharmaceutical Compositions and Methods for Combating Virus Infections, European Patent 3,007, 1979. 

Discuss the structure and naming convention for the influenza virus. Provide reasons for the variations in the yearly compositions of the influenza vaccines. 

Structure and function of virus proteins and of viral nucleic acid. In The Proteins Composition, Structure, Function", Vol. 3, 99—151. Ed. II. Neurath, Academic Press, 2i,d Ed. 1965. 

Electron microscopic studies have suggested that the alphavirus particle has icosahedral symmetry (see below). The triangulation number is not certain, however (Murphy, 1980). Previous estimates for the molecular weight were compatible with 240 subunits per virus particle, and electron micrographs appear to show a T = 4 surface lattice (von Bons-dorff and Harrison, 1975). More information is now needed to determine the surface organization, since compositional data show fewer than 240 subunits. 

If the virus is treated with proteolytic enzymes the fuzzy layer formed by the viral spikes is removed (Osterrieth, 1965 Compans, 1971 Gahm-berg et al, 1972 Sefton and Gaffney, 1974 Utermann and Simons, 1974). Remnants of both El and E2 are left in the bilayer. These have a hydrophobic amino acid composition, and are soluble in lipid solvents such as chloroform-methanol. The amphiphilic nature of the spike protein is also evident from its capacity to bind Triton X-100 (0.6 g/g protein) which binds to the hydrophobic part to form a water-soluble protein-detergent complex (Simons et al., 1973a). The ability of amphiphilic proteins to bind Triton can be used to separate them from hydrophilic proteins using an extraction procedure recendy described... 

Molecular Composition of SemlHd Forest Virus Based onaT = J Symmetry Model... 

Skehel JJ, Schild GC. The polypeptide composition of influenza A viruses. Virology 1971 44 396. 

In this paper the fundamental aspects of process development for the production of core and virus-like particles with baculovirus infected insect cells are reviewed. The issues addressed include particle formation and monomer composition, chemical and physical conditions for optimal cell growth, baculovirus replication and product expression, multiplicity of infection strategy, and scale-up of the process. Study of the differences in the metabolic requirements of infected and non-infected cells is necessary for high cell density processes. In the bioreactor, the specific oxygen uptake rate (OURsp) plays a central role in process scale-up, leading to the specification of the bioreactor operational parameters. Shear stress can also be an important variable for bioreactor operation due to its influence on cell growth and product expression. 

The industrial application of CLPs and VLPs is in the development phase. This can be expected since the baculovirus-insect cells system has become one of the most popular systems for heterologous protein and CLP/VLP production at laboratory scale. After defining the appropriate particle composition for the viruses of interest, research is now addressing the engineering issues in this system (Scheme 1). 

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