Violae

Pharmacopoeia of the People s Republic of China, English Edition Vol. I, 2010 

Tokyo Violet Herb is the dried herb of Viola yedoensis Makino (Earn. Violaceae). The drug is collected in spring and autumn, removed from foreign matter and dried in the sun. 

Capsules elliptical or 3-splitted seeds numerous, pale brown. Odour slight. 

Pretreatment of the raw drug Foreign matters are eliminated, washed clean, cut into pieces and dried. 

It is used to treat many skin diseases, i.e eczema, impetigo, acne, pruritus cradle cap, furthermore used to treat upper respiratory tract infections with fever. 

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S. violaceus Viola method Violanthrone dyes Violan thrones Violet acid [578-85-8]... 

Violet Leaf. Violet leaf absolute is produced by the usual extraction methods from Viola odorata (var. Victoria). It is grown mainly ia the south of France and Egypt. Although this material is not produced ia large amounts, it is quite valuable ia perfumery for its powerhil green leafy and doral character, an odor that belongs to many doral bouquets. The principal odorant ia violet leaf absolute is 2-/n j -6-i7j -nonadienal [55748-2]. 

The Viola method is a typical predesign approach based on the number N of principal processing blocks, the production rate P in tons per year, and a complexity factor K The 1981 battery-limits cost C in dollars can be correlated to K and P ... 

Viola Tenor Lute Folk harps Harpsichord... 

By the aid of the processes described Tunmann claims to have discovered the resinogenous layer in all the plants examined by him. In the course of his investigations he was able to determine various typical forms of the layer. These he divides into three principal types the rod-type (Viola Fraxinus, Alnus), the vacuola-type (Salvia.Hyssopus), and the mesh or grille-type (Rhododendron, Azalea). 

P = phytoene PF = phytofluene -C = -carotene L = lycopene y-C = y-carotene p-C = p-carotene Lut = lutein Viola = violaxanthin Neo = neoxanthin d.p.b. days post breaker. 

Goto, T., Takase, S., and Kondo, T., PMR spectra of natural acylated anthocyanins determination of stereostructure of awobanin, shisonin and violanin (Commelina communis, Viola tricolor, Perilla orimoides). Tetrahedron Lett, 27, 2413, 1978. Agrawal, P.K., NMR spectroscopy in the structural elucidation of ohgosaccharides and glycosides, Phytochemistry, 31, 3307, 1992. 

Ihmels H, Faulhaber K, Vedaldi D, Dall Acqua F, Viola G (2005) Photochem Photobiol 81 1107... 

Gambari R, Lampronti I, Bianchi N, Zuccato C, Viola G, Vedaldi D, Dall Acqua F (2007) Structure and Biological Activity of Furocoumarins. 9 265-276 Garg R, Bhhatarai B (2006) QSAR and Molecular Modeling Studies of HIV Protease Inhibitors. 3 181-272... 

Verma RP (2007) Cytotoxicity of Heterocyclic Compounds against Various Cancer Cells A Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship Study. 9 53-86 Verma RP, see Hansch C (2007) 10 43-74 Viola G, see Gambari R (2007) 9 265-276 Voelter W, see Khan KM (2007) 7 325-346... 

Solerte, S.B., Adamo, S., Viola, C., Schianca, G.P.C., Crippa, A. and Ferrari, E. (1984). Acute-phase protein reactants pattern and macroglubulin in diabetes mellitus. Pathophysiological aspects in diabetic microangiopathy. Ric. Clin. Lab. 14, 575-579. 

Pyraflufen-ethyl was primarily developed as a cereal herbicide to control a broad spectrum of broadleaf weeds. Pyraflufen-ethyl applied in early postemergence at 12 g a.i. ha provides excellent control of some important weeds such as Anthemis arvensis, Lamium purpureum and Sinapis arvensis and good suppression of Matricaria chamomilla, Stel-iaria media, Veronica persica and Viola spp. 

Viola A, Schroeder S, Sakakibara Y, Lanzavecchia A. T lymphocyte costimulation mediated by reorganization of membrane microdomains. Science 1999 283(5402) 680-682. 

Lambert MP, Barlow AK, Chromy BA, Edwards C, Freed R, Liosatos M, Morgan TE, Rozovsky I, Trommer B, Viola KL, Wals P, Zhang C, Finch CE, Krafft GA, Klein WL. Diffusible, nonfibrillar ligands derived from Abetad 42) are potent central nervous system neurotoxins. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1998 95 6448-6453. 

Wasowski C, Marder M, Viola H, Medina JH, Paladini AC. Isolation and identification of 6-methylapigenin, a competitive ligand for the brain GABAa receptors, from Valeriana wallichii. Planta Med 2002 68 934-936. 

Viola H, Wasowski C, Levi de Stein M, et al. Apigenin, a component of Matricaria recutita flowers, is a central benzodiazepine receptors-ligand with anxiolytic effects. Planta Med 1995 61 213-216. 

Hancock, R.D. and Viola, R. (2001) The use of micro-organisms for L-ascorbic acid production current status and future perspectives. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 56 (5-6), 567-576. 

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