Valeriana wallichii

Wasowski C, Marder M, Viola H, Medina JH, Paladini AC. Isolation and identification of 6-methylapigenin, a competitive ligand for the brain GABAa receptors, from Valeriana wallichii. Planta Med 2002 68 934-936. 

The rhizomes and roots of Valeriana wallichii DC. contain 6-methylapigenin, which is a competitive ligand for GABAa receptor (38). In the Asia-Pacific region, Nar-dostachys chinensis L., Nardostachys jatamansis DC., Patrinia scabiosaefolia Link, Valeriana officinalis L., Valeriana dageletiana Nak. ex Maekawa, and Valeriana hardwickii Wall, are used as alternative remedies. 

RP-8 M. chamomilla, Mentha piperita, Pimella anisum, Valeriana wallichii 27,28... 

The amounts of valepotriates and baldrinals in valerian extracts depend on the botanical species root extracts of Valeriana officinalis contain up to 0.9% of valepotriates, compared with 2-4% and 5-7% of valepotriates in root extracts of Valeriana wallichii and Valeriana mexicana respectively. 

Also referred to as Valeriana officinalis (L.), Valeriana wallichii DC. (Indian valerian), Valeriana alliariifolia Vahl, Valeriana sambucifolia Mik, Radix valerianae, red valerian (Centranthus ruber [L.] DC) (2), valerian root, Valerianae radix (4), garden heliotrope, all heal, amantilla, and setwall (8). 

The valepotriates valtrate/isovaltrate and dihydrovaltrate were isolated from Valeriana mexicana and Valeriana wallichii, respectively. The valepotriates tested were cytotoxic to granulocyte/macrophage colony forming units (GM-CFCUs), lymphocytes, and erythrocyte colony forming units (E-CFCUs). 

The effects of valtrate, dihydrovaltrate, and deoxido-dihydrovaltrate, valepotriates extracted from Valeriana wallichii (DC.), on cultured rat hepatoma cells have been studied. Valtrate killed 50% of the cell population at a concentration of 5 PM, Deoxido-dihydrovaltrate and dihydrovaltae demonstrated this same toxicity at double the dose. Valtrate was also the most potent inhibitor of DNA and protein synthesis (Bounthanh et al., 1983). These results suggest a mechanism by which valerian may cause hepatotoxicity. 

Two quaternary alkaloids, derivatives of actinidine and 8-hydroxyactini-dine, previously isolated from Valeriana officinalis (1), A-(4-hydroxyphe-nethyl)-actinidine (130) and 6,7-dihydro-4-(hydroxymethyl)-2-(4-hydroxy-phenethyl)-7-methyl-5//-2-pyridinium (124), were isolated from Valeriana wallichii (132). 

C,5H24,Mr204.36,oil,bp. 120-I30 C(133 Pa), [aJo +35.8° (CHClj). Sesquiterpene from Aspergillus migatus and Valeriana wallichii, occurs in nature only in the trans form. Biosynthesis from famesyl pyrophosphate /S-B. is the biosynthetic precursor of the antibiotics ovalicin and fumagillin. For synthesis, see Lit. absolute configuration, seeUt. ... 

Valerian consists of the dried rhizome and roots of Valeriana officinalis (Valerianaceae). Valeriana wallichii and V. edulis also serve as commercial sources of the drug. Species from related genera also are known to contain the active principles. Valerian has been used as a calmative in nervousness and hysteria for at least 1000 years. A series of water-soluble glycosides, collectively called valepotriates, are responsible for the mild tranquilizing activity. These preparations are widely available in Europe (Charlwood and Charlwood, 1991 Tyler et al., 1981). 

Isol. from the rhizomes of Valeriana wallichii. Solid. Mp 63°. 

Among the tricyclic aromadendrols viridiflorol (202), which occurs, for instance, in peppermint oil from Piedmont Mentha piperita L. Italo-Mitcham), is supposed to confer to this essential oil its characteristic note. When added to normal peppermint oils, (202) enhances their sweetish scent without modifying their taste and aroma 415). A dia-stereoisomer of (202), globulol, is present in eucalyptus oil, and is described as odorless 204). Maaliol (203), an alcohol which was first isolated from maali resin 62), was found in fresh roots of Valeriana officinalis L. (595) and also in the Indian variety Valeriana Wallichii D.C. 416). Maaliol-containing oils from Valeriana Wallichii D.C. are said to have a finer odor 582). In addition, maalioxide (204) 62) was found in the same oil 416 presumably as an artifact of alcohol (203). The cyclic ether is characterized by its fine woody odor quality 443). 

SooD, V. K. Isolation of India Valerian Oil from Valeriana wallichii Roots and Rhizomes. Perf. Essent. Oil Rec. 56, 656 (1965) Chem. Abstr. 64, 4 857h (1966). 

Sesquifenchene (186), a component of the Indian valerian root oil Valeriana wallichii), is an example of another skeletal type, that can be derived from bisab-olene cation 125 (168). 

Markownikoff cyclization of 353 is represented by maaliol (360), a component of Maali resin, a soft exudate from Canarium samonense (275 vol. Illb). A related compound is maalioxide (361) from roots of Valeriana wallichii (305). Rearrangement of maaliane cation 355 (cf. Fig. 8.1.11), as shown in Fig.8.1.16, leads to the carbon skeleton of aristolene (362), which occurs in the essential oil from roots of Nardostachys jatamansi. (-i-)-Aristolene (a-ferulene) is present in the latex of Ferula communis (312). From roots of Aristolochia debilis, hydroxyketone 363 has been isolated (241). 

Grieco P A, Masaki Y 1975 Synthesis of the Valeriana wallichii hydrocarbon sesquifenchene. A route to specifically functionalized 7,7-disubstituted bicyclo[2,2,1]heptane derivatives. J Org Chem 40 150-151... 

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