Vigneaud, Vincent

DU VIGNEAUD, VINCENT (1901-1978). An American biochemist who won the Nobel prize lor chemistry in 1955. His work involved Ihe study of the metabolism of biologically significant sulfur compounds, which led to the finding of transmethylation in mammalian metabolism. He isolated and proved the structure of Ihe vitamin biotin, and synthesized penicillin, oxytocin, and the vasopressin hormone of the posterior pituitary. His education was at Rochester. Yale. St. Louis, and George Washington Universities. 

Vincent du Vigneaud work on biochemically important sulfur compounds, especially for the first synthesis of a polypeptide hormone... 

Vincent Du Vigneaud United States sulfur compounds of biological importance, synthesis of polypeptide hormone... 

Vincent du Vigneaud Chemistry Synthesis of biotin and oxytocin... 

Vasopressin and oxytocin are peptide hormones secreted from the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland. They function primarily to raise blood pressure (vasopressin), as antidiuretic (vasopressin), and to promote contraction of uterus and lactation muscies (oxytocin). The isolation, identification, and synthesis of these hormones was accomplished by Vincent du Vigneaud, for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1955. 

Vincent du Vigneaud synthesized the first biologically active peptide hormone, ocytocin. 

Vincent du Vigneaud, Department of Biochemistry, Cornell University Medical College, New York, N. Y. 

VINCENT du VIGNEAUD, JULIAN R. RACHELE, JOHN E. WILSON, FRED PLUM, AND LESTER J. REED... 

Methods like this can be repeated over and over with the addition of a new unit each time. In this way the hormone oxytocin (p. 1143) was synthesized by Vincent du Vigneaud of Cornell Medical College, who received the Nobel Prize in 1955 for this and other work. In 1963, the total synthesis of the insulin molecule—-with the 51 amino acid residues in the sequence mapped out by Sanger— was reported. 

Vincent du Vigneaud For his work on biochemically important sulphur compounds, especially for ture of molecules by the molecular orbital method. ... 

Oxytocin was the first small peptide to be synthesized. Its synthesis was achieved in 1953 by Vincent du Vigneaud (1901-1978), who later synthesized vasopressin. Du Vigneaud was bom in Chicago and was a professor at George Washington University Medical School and later at Cornell University Medical College. For synthesizing these nonapeptides, he received the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1955. 

The next step was to confirm such work by actually synthesizing a given protein molecule, amino acid by amino acid. In 1954, the American chemist Vincent du Vigneaud (1901- ) made a beginning by synthesizing oxytocin, a small protein molecule made up of only eight amino acids. More complicated feats were quickly accomplished, however, and chains of dozens of amino acids were synthesized. By 1963 the amino acid chains of insulin itself had been built up in the laboratory. 

Hruby, Victor J. (p. 246), born in Valley City, N. Dakota USA in 1938, Ph.D. Cornell Univ. 1965, Prof, of Chem. Univ. of Arizona since 1977. He became interested in peptide hormones as a postdoctoral fellow with Nobel prize-winner Vincent du Vigneaud at Cornell University in the late 1960s just before he joined the University of Arizona faculty. In the 20 years since, he has become a world leader in this important research field (synthesis, isolation, conformations, dynamics, mechanisms of action, and structure-activity relationships of peptide hormones and neurotransmitters and their analogs). He is the editor of the International Journal of Peptide and Protein Research as successor to Choh Hao Li who died in 1988. 

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