Video image recorders

The spinning drop technique measures the shape of the oil drop in the flooding solution in a capillary tube. An automatic measuring system has been developed by combining a video-image analysis, an automatic recording system, and a computer for calculation of the interfacial tension [1865]. 

Such systems can generally recognize fires of 34,000 BTU/hr (lOkW) or greater at 33 ft (10 m) within a 90°cone of vision, and are immune to common false alarms such as hot CO2 emissions, reflections from flare radiation, black body radiation, and hot work. An added benefit is that the video image can be recorded for later analysis. 

Figure 1(c) shows Friedel oscillations around Cu atoms adsorbed onto a Cu(lll) surface, which equally has a surface state (kp = 0.21 A [21]). The STM image is taken out of a sequence of images recorded at 13.5 K where Cu adatoms readily diffuse (for videos see the author s website under gallery). Despite the fact that the atoms quite often come close to each other, they do not form islands but remain isolated during the observation time of several hours. This is remarkable for a metallic system and can only be reconciled by a significant short-range repulsion. For the present... 

Another time-consuming aspect of the paradigm described above is the off-line visual analysis of the video recordings, conducted after test completion. Considerable economies can be realized by use of commercially available automatic video image analysis systems. Once correctly validated, these... 

Most limitations, however, concern the investigation of the swelling behavior. Anisotropic materials do not swell evenly in all directions. For such solids, several particles must be placed randomly in the view cell to ensure that, statistically, every possible orientation is recorded by the video system. Even then, the difficulty remains to correctly describe volumetric effects on the basis of two-dimensional video images, a problem that will be discussed more thoroughly in... 

The person who produces the video image has the responsibility for correctly recording and printing it. There is a named person in each department who is specially trained in the use of the video equipment and who acts on behalf of all his or her colleagues. Mrs. Lena Bub is responsible for the archiving, and Dr. Peter Remmert has been nominated as her deputy. 

When a TV camera is installed on the microscope, a video cassette recorder can be used to make a permanent record of observations. This is especially valuable when the temperature and time are superimposed on the image of the sample allowing review as a function of time and temperature. This can be done a frame at a time if necessary. 

A fundus camera was modified to provide video angiograms and to deliver one laser beam used to release the content of the liposomes and another laser beam to activate the photosensitizer. The first laser was also used to illuminate the fundus. The output of the charge-coupled device (CCD) camera was fed into a video image enhancer and recorded on magnetic tapes with a high-frequency video recorder. Later, the tape was played back, and video sequences were digitized with a frame grabber for subsequent analysis. 

Fig. 6a-e. Kinetics of a Ca2+-induced phase transition in fully hydrated phosphatidylserine monitored by low-angle time-resolved X-ray diffraction. Photographs of the live-time images on the video screen before and after the 0 to 0.5 M Ca2 + -jump are shown in (a) and (b), respectively. Radial averages of the scattered X-ray intensity in (a) and (b) are presented in (c) and (d), respectively. Radial position is shown in units of pixels (picture elements) from the center of the pattern as recorded on the video image. In (e) is shown the progress curve of the Ca2 +-induced transition where intensity corresponds to peak area of the sharp (001) reflection at ca. 51 A of the highly condensed lamellar crystalline phase... 

Depending on the desired flow rate, a test may be completed in less than a minute so the flow needs to be constant during that time, despite the declining fuel tank pressure. Another challenge is synchronously recording data and video images on a single test record. 

Motor Activity Test. Motor activity of the animals was recorded using a video image analyzer ( deomax V, Columbus Instruments, Columbus, OH). Each rat was placed individually into a cage (25 cm x 45 cm x 20 cm) and the moving time and the moving distance were measured for 30 min. 

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