Vessel jackets

In module II (Fig. lb) a crystallization vessel, jacketed and coimected to cooling water, is added. Thus the salt formation step, which may require heating, is separated from the crystallization (qv), which is completed upon cooling. Using module II a substantially iacreased production capacity can be achieved at only a minor additional capital investment. 

FIG. 26-47 Collapse of vessel jacket due to condensation of steam. (Vl- T. Allen, Michigan Engineering, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Mich., personal communication. May Z.9SS.)... 

Indirect sterilisation by steam injected into the vessel jacket... 

Cooling system failure could occur due to failure of pumps or controls supplying cooling media to the reactor vessel jacket, coils, or overhead reflux condensers. Piping to or from the condensers could become plugged or any of the heat exchange surfaces could become excessively fouled. 

Bolliger, D. H. (1982) Chem. Eng., NY 89 (Sept.) 95. Assessing heat transfer in process-vessel jackets. 

Fig. 14.8 Simplified schematic diagram of a high-pressure digestion vessel with an EDL. A. plug and seal, B. quartz pressure reaction vessel with a sample solution, C. EDL with an antenna, D. vessel jacket with a screw cap, E. airflow. Adapted from Ref. [44],...

FIG. 23-16 For an exothermic reaction system with heat removal, e.g., to a vessel jacket and cooling coil, the limit of stable operation is reached as the reaction temperature increases to I m (temperature of no return), beyond which the rate of heat generation, which increases exponentially with increasing temperature, exceeds the capability of the system to remove the heat of reaction (see text). 

Abnormal heat addition to the reactive material or mixture, such as by an external fire or the injection of steam to a vessel jacket or directly into the material or mixture... 

Heat flow calorimeters simulate closely the operation of plant reactors. Removing the heat of reaction at the same rate as it is generated results in a constant reaction temperature. The temperature difference between the reactor and vessel jacket is a measure of the rate of heat production. 

In a separate vessel (jacketed and explosion proof) charge item 3 and 4 and heat to 40°C. 

Holding Vessels Jacketed Vessel with GEI-Kreiger... 

It became necessary to hydrostatically test the vessel jacket, so it was properly blinded and passed the test. But during the startup, as the inlet cooling water valve was opened, the small flat top vessel collapsed. Repairs were expensive and the startup was delayed by several weeks because no one remembered to remove the blind on the valve-free water discharge line. [14]... 

Bollinger, D.H., Assessing Heat Transfer in Process-Vessel Jackets, Chem. Eng., 89,19, 95,1982. 

PVC bulk polymerizations are two-slage processes in which a very porous PVC seed particle is produced in a vessel provided with very high speed agitation. The wet polymer powder from this stage is fed to horizontal autoclaves in which the polymerization is finished. Reaction heal is removed by cooling the helical ribbon blender-type agitators as well as the vessel jacket. 

Heat removal is accomplished by transfer to the vessel jacket, use of internal cooling coils, circulation of the reaction fluid through an external cooling loop, or by use of an overhead condenser to remove heat from the monomer or diluent in the vapor phase. 

Steam fed to the vessel jacket maintains the contents at 90°C. At this temperature, the reaction proceeds to completion and essentially all of the carbon dioxide formed in the reaction between HCI and NaHC03 is driven out of the aqueous phase. The CO leaving the resin neutralizer is recycled to the waste liquor neutralizer (Step 8). 

The installation of a brick lining in a process vessel is a common design technique for protecting the vessel jacket from corrosive environments. A variety of highly chemically resistant bricks and mortars are available. 

Makovitz, R. E. (1971) Chem Eng, NY, 78 (November 15th) 156. Picking the best vessel jacket. 

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