Venous thromboembolic event

Low-molecular-weight heparins and heparinoids are not recommended in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke.11 A meta-analysis was performed using data from 10 randomized controlled trials.19 A non-significant decrease in combined death and disability and a non-significant increase in case fatality and hemorrhage were seen. A reduction in venous thromboembolic events was observed in acute stroke patients however, there was also an increase in extracranial bleeding. 

The WHI demonstrated an increased risk in venous thromboembolic disease in the HRT group (0.34%) compared with placebo (0.16%) (HR 2.11,95% Cl 1.58-2.82). This translates into an NNTH of approximately 555 and 18 more cases of venous thromboembolic events for every 10,000 women treated per year with HRT.3 The risk for deep vein thrombosis also was increased in the ERT arm of the WHI, but pulmonary embolism was not increased significantly.21... 

Decensi A, Maisonneuve P, Rotmenz N et al. (2005) Effect of Tamoxifen on venous thromboembolic events in a breast cancer prevention trial. Circulation 111 650-656... 

Women who are lactating or who are or may become pregnant (see Warnings) women with active or a history of venous thromboembolic events, including deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and retinal vein thrombosis hypersensitivity to raloxifene or other constituents of the drug. 

Venous thromboembolic events. An analysis of raloxifene-treated women showed an increased risk of venous thromboembolic events defined as DVT and pulmonary embolism. Other venous thromboembolic events could also occur. A less serious... 

Whiteman MK, Cui Y, Flaws JA, Espeland M, Bush TL. Low fibrinogen level A predisposing factor for venous thromboembolic events with hormone replacement therapy. Am J Hematol 1999 61(4) 271-3. 

Decensi A, Maisonneuve P, Rotmensz N, Bettega D, Costa A, Sacchini V, Salvioni A, Travaglini R, Oliviero P, D Aiuto G, Gulisano M, Gucciardo G, Del Turco MR, Pizzichetta MA, Conforti S, Bonanni B, Boyle P, Veronesi U. Effect of tamoxifen on venous thromboembolic events in a breast cancer prevention trial. Circulation 2005 111 650-6. 

Thrombotic (blood clot) events, and subsequent complications, are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the general population.1 In 2005, it was estimated that there were more than 900,000 total venous thromboembolism events in the United States,2 two thirds of which were acquired in hospital. More than 600,000 of those were nonfatal venous thromboembolism events. Nearly 300,000 were fatal events, including more than 2,200 cases of deep venous thrombosis and 294,000 cases of pulmonary embolism. The majority deaths (93%) were due to sudden fatal pulmonary embolism, or were a consequence of undiagnosed venous thromboembolism. It was estimated that 340,000 patients developed complications from venous thromboembolism, including 336,000 with postthrombotic syndrome and 3,300 with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. 

In summary, rivaroxaban 1 is an oral direct factor Xa inhibitor and is the first approved factor Xa inhibitor on the European and Canadian market. This class of inhibitors is expected to expand, with new members currently in late-stage clinical development. Rivaroxaban is indicated for the prevention of venous thromboembolic events in patients who have undergone elective total hip or total knee replacement surgery. Rivarobaxan was underwent extensive clinical program that included three Phase III trials of rivaroxaban involving a total of nearly 12,000 patients. The results from these three studies demonstrated the superior efficacy of the factor Xa inhibitor, both in head-to-head comparisons with enoxaparin and when comparing extended-duration (5 weeks) rivaroxaban with short-duration (2 weeks) enoxaparin. In all three... 

Finally, the RUTH study (Raloxifene Use for the Heart)38 was a placebo-controlled clinical trial following over 10,000 postmenopausal women with coronary heart disease (CHD) or with multiple risk factors for CHD.44 16 This trial demonstrated 44% reduced incidence of invasive breast cancer versus placebo, with 0.6% absolute risk reduction,47 thus confirming the findings from MORE and CORE, while also demonstrating that raloxifene did not increase or decrease risk for coronary events or stroke. However, there was an increase in stroke mortality and incidence of venous thromboembolic events (VTEs) as compared to placebo, already seen in MORE, which resulted in a recommendation that raloxifene should not be used for the prevention or reduction of the risk of cardiovascular disease.21... 

Indications Prevention of venous thromboembolic events. Category Anticoagulant Half-life 2.5 Days... 

Inherited together, G1691A (factor V) and G20210A (factor II, prothrombin) convey at least a twentyfold increased risk for a venous thromboembolic event (VTE). They are commonly seen together in thrombophilia patients thus supporting the additive genetic effect associated with complex diseases. ... 

Postmenopausal hormone treatment with oral combined estrogen plus progestogen has no benefit for cardiovascular disease prevention and increases the risk of breast cancer, coronary heart disease events, stroke, and venous thromboembolic events. However, it reduced the rates of hip fracture and colorectal cancer. 

Prevention of venous thromboembolic events after total hip and knee replacement up to 12 days of treatment (also marketed) (Eriksson et al. 2003a,b Francis et al. 2002, 2003). 

Ximelagatran, melagatran Exanta AstraZeneca 2004 (Europe only), withdrawn 2006 Thrombin Venous thromboembolic events 125 ... 

Cardiovascular The evidence on the relative risk of venous thromboembolic events during oral or transdermal administration of estrogens in postmenopausal women has been reviewed [2 ]. Five major studies... 

Anabolic androgenic steroids have been reported to have anticoagulant and profibrinolytic effects in people with protein C deficiency. However, despite these supposed antithrombotic effects, a 19-year-old male athlete with protein C deficiency developed proximal deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism while abusing anabolic androgenic steroids and had repeated venous thromboembolic events during treatment with low-molecular-weight heparin [36 ]. 

Venous Thromboembolic Event (VTE) - the lack of an appropriate temporal relationship to vaccine, and the existence of ofher risk factors in observed cases, makes this association very unlikely. 

Overall, single and combination HT in both primary and secondary prevention conferred no protective effects for all mortality causes, CVD death, nonfatal MI or angina. However, the study found an increased risk of stroke (relative risk, RR=1.26 95% Cf=l.ll, 1.43), venous thromboembolic events (VTEs RR=1.89 95% Cl = 1.58, 2.26), and pulmonary embolism (RR=1.84 95% Cl = 1.42,2.37) relative to placebo for both primary and secondary prevention when combination and single HT was combined. Therefore, the authors concluded that HT in postmenopausal women does not prevent CVD events, and causes an increase in the risk of stroke and VTEs [8 ]. 

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