Vehicles hazards and controls

Many of the hazards and controls required for vehicle movements on construction sites have been covered earlier in this chapter. Common vehicles found on construction sites include site dumper trucks, fork lift trucks with telescopic handlers, all terrain and rough terrain vehicles, excavators and tipper lorries. On larger construction sites various types of earth moving equipment may also be used. 

The chapter on Radioactive chemicals (Chapter 11) has been updated. Considerations of safety in design (Chapter 12) are presented separately from systems of work requirements, i.e. Operating procedures (Chapter 13). Tlie considerations for Marketing and transportation of hazardous chemicals are now addressed in two separate chapters (Chapters 14 and 15). Chemicals and the Environment are now also covered in two chapters (Chapters 16 and 17) to reflect the requirement that the impact of chemicals on the environment should be properly assessed, monitored and controlled. Although a substantial contribution to atmospheric pollution is made by emissions from road vehicles and other means of transport, and this is now strictly legislated for, this topic is outside the scope of this text. Chapter 18 provides useful conversion factors to help with the myriad of units used internationally. 

Table 13.16 sets out the major waste disposal methods, and potential hazards from toxic waste deposition are indicated in Table 13.17. The range of precautions required at land tips depends upon the risk, e.g. the nature and degree of contamination and the work to be undertaken. It will, however, encompass personal protective equipment a high standard of personal hygiene enclosure, possibly pressurization, and regular cleaning of vehicle cabs vehicle washing facilities site security, and control of designated dirty areas. Air monitoring and medical surveillance may be required.

Impact on the environment may result from both unwanted fires, improper control of fire effluent or improper use of suppression system agents. Environmental considerations impact decisions on whether to provide protection for a hazard, and whether this protection should be provided automatically or manually. Scenarios to be considered include uncontrolled fires, potential hazardous situations, firefighting training, and fixed or mobile vehicle suppression system discharge testing. 

Continually assess what resources are needed and what resources are available. Before leaving your vehicle, call for additional resources as required to control hazards and to perform patient rescue and treatment. 

Utilities locations should avoid creating hazards. For example, gas lines should not be near rail lines or public or employee areas. Shutoff locations should avoid locations where the utilities might create hazards. Shutoff controls should be accessible to emergency crews even during incidents. Power and other utility lines should have protection from vehicle damage. Utilities, such as water, should be sufficient for emergency needs. Supply mains must effectively service use points in the facdity. 

There are two main causes of accidents unsafe conditions and unsafe acts. Engineers deal mainly with unsafe conditions. The major role of engineers is prevention through hazard recognition and controls in the design of equipment, environments, vehicles, and facilities. 

The most common hazards are those which cause loss of control of the vehicle, overturning and collision... 

Monitoring and control of pollutants The presence of heavy metals (for example lead, cadmium and mercury), organic chemicals (for example polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)) and vehicle exhaust gas emissions (polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)) are all health hazards that need to be monitored by accurate methods of analysis. Atmospheric pollutants also need to be monitored. 

ISO 26262 scales the severity of harm according to the potential injuries of passengers or other people in the area of danger. This means that the intensity or also the characteristic of malfunctions is correlates with the severity of damages. The intensity or other characteristics of malfunctions also influences other factors for the hazard and risk analyses the controllability of dangerous situations. The term controllability was chosen because in this context in an automobile this mainly refers to the driver. However ISO 26262 also considers other people, which could be able to prevent a dangerous simation, for example pedestrians who can still move out of the way of a vehicle that approaches them (Fig. 4.12). 

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