Vehicle performance fuel composition

The simple model was not directly used for monitoring VOC emissions. The EPA determined that a fuel with an RVP of 8.1 psi and 2.0 wt% oxygen would be sufficient to achieve the minimum 15% VOC emission reduction. Baseline emission levels are from 1990 model year (MY) vehicles operated on a baseline gasoline (Table 1). The baseline fuel, derived from average survey data of the compositions of gasolines in the United States in 1989, is shown in Table 1. This baseline fuel was defined to indicate a performance standard and not a formula composition standard. To achieve equivalency certification, refiner and importer s gasoline must comply with the CAA requirements for emissions as shown in Table 2. " ... 

This chapter discusses the main influences on current and future light-duty (passenger) and heavy-duty (tmck) vehicle engine oils and also small engines for motor-cycles/light appliances in terms of engine design, emissions and fuel economy. This is followed by a detailed discussion of lubricant composition and performance... 

The first step in analyzing the performance of a catalyst in an emission control system is to determine "what the catalyst sees" in terms of temperature, exhaust composition, and exhaust flow rate variations during the driving cycle. The nature of the conditions that a catalyst is exposed to is not only a function of the driving cycle and the vehicle type, but also is dependent upon the air-fuel control system. Tests which record the dynamic conditions have to be repeated and evaluated statistically since the detailed results of each test will vary as a result of random test-to-test variations. 

Several parameters that affect catalytic methane oxidation on a natural gas vehicle were investigated with laboratory aged noble metal catalysts and a simulated vehicle exhaust. These include the air/fliel control strategy, the noble metal loading, the role of base metals and the exhaust hydrocarbon composition. The catalytic performance of several formulations was compared both slightly fuel-rich of the stoichiometric point and under extreme lean conditions. 

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