Vegetable fibers sisal

Xylan occurs in practically all land plants and is said to be present in some marine algae.6 In both wide botanical distribution and abundance in nature it closely follows cellulose and starch. It is most abundant in annual crops, particularly in agricultural residues such as corn cobs, corn stalks, grain hulls and stems. Here it occurs in amounts ranging from 15 to 30%. Hard woods contain 20 to 25% xylan while soft woods contain 7 to 12 %. Spring wood has more pentosan than summer wood. 7 Low strength vegetable fibers of commerce such as jute, sisal, Manila... 

Some of the other important vegetable fibers include flax, jute, kenaf, hemp, sisal, coir, banana and pineapple. Generally, in vegetable fibers such as cotton and flax,... 

Weindling, Ludwig, Long Vegetable Fibers—Manila-Sisal-Jute-Flax and Related... 

Fiber, vegetable Different vegetable fibers are used in RPs, etc. They include (1) seed-hair-cotton, kapok, milkweed floss (2) bast-flax, hemp, jute, ramie and (3) leaf-abaca, sisal. 

Other Long Vegetable Fibers Abaca, Banana, Sisal, FHenequen, Flax, Ramie, FHemp, Sunn, and Coir... 

Natural fibers may be of animal, vegetable, or mineral origin. All animal fibers presently in use are made up of proteins, as, for example, wool and silk, and all vegetable fibers in use consist of celluloses such as cotton, flax, hemp, ramie, and sisal. A mineral fiber is, for example, asbestos. 

Vegetable fibers include materials such as sisal, silk, and cotton, to name a few, which are used in clothing, cordage, carpet backing, or for packing (e.g., jute). Microscopically, these materials can be distinguished from synthetic fibers and further classified on the basis of their microscopic plant anatomy. 

All presently used vegetable fibers are cellulosic (cotton, flax, hemp, ramie, jute, sisal), and all presently used animal fibers are proteins (wool, natural silk, camel hair). Asbestos is a mineral fiber. 

Only the vegetable fibers section with kapok, ramie, flax, hemp, jute, sisal, and coir is anticipated to have stagnated at 5.9 million tonnes. 

Fig. 4.3 Worldwide vegetable fiber production (Saurer Repwt 2006). Kapok, ramie, flax, hemp, sisal, coir...

Mukherjee PS, Satyanarayana KG (1984) Structure and properties of some vegetable fibers -Part 1 Sisal fiber. J Mater Sci 19 3925-3934... 

The lignocellulosic materials mostly used as fillers in thermoplastic composites include wood flour, starch, rice husk and a wide variety of vegetable fibers available such as jute, sisal, flax, hemp, coir, banana, pineapple, among others. And whenever vegetable fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites with higher properties are needed, possible solutions include improved adhesion, better fiber orientation, and filler hybridization with synthetic fibers or mineral fillers. The latter solution is an intermediate alternative regarding environmental friendliness, cost, weight and performance compared to an all synthetic composite [12,26]. 

Natural fiber-reinforced PLA composites are attractive because both the reinforcement (natural fiber) and matrix (PLA) are obtained from renewable resources. Natural fibers are considered as environment friendly alternatives to conventional reinforcing fibers such as glass, carbon, aramid, and so on. Natural fibers can be subdivided into three categories plant (cotton, jute, flax, hemp, etc.), animal (wool, silk, etc.), and mineral fibers (asbestos, inorganic whiskers, etc.). Generally, plant fibers are more popularly used as natural fiber reinforcements. Of these fibers, the most used are flax, jute, sisal, ramie, hemp, kenaf, and cotton. Plant fibers can generally be classified as nonwood (vegetable fibers) and wood fibers [20]. 

The first vegetable fiber is from bast including jute, ramie, sisal, apocynum, hemp, linen, and flax. The quality of raw bast fibers depends on the quality of the sod, the climate, and the method used to separate the bast from the cortex after it has been harvested. Chemically, jute fiber is a highly lignified fiber, which consists of cellulose (60%), hemiceUuloses (26%), lignin (11%), proteins (1%), waxes and fats (1%), and ash (1%). 

Vegetable fibers Hemp, coconut (coir fiber), jute, ramie, sisal... 

Vegetable fibers cotton, jute, flax, sisal, sugarcane bagasse, coconut, ramie... 

Fiber or Fibre is any tough substance composed of threadlike tissue, especially when capable of being spun or woven. Fibers may be divided into animal (wool or silk), vegetable (cotton, hemp, flax, ramie, esparto, jute, sisal etc), mineral (asbestos, glass fiber) and artificial (Rayon, Nylon, Orion, Vinyon, Saran etc)... 

Acid dyes can attach directly to vegetable hard fibers (jute, sisal) by salt formation because the fiber companion substances contain basic groups. 

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