Vascular invasion

Fungal vascular invasion, thrombosis, and infarction seen in computer tomographic scan of lungs... 

The pathologic evaluation of breast lesions serves to establish the histologic diagnosis and to confirm the presence or absence of other factors believed to influence prognosis. These prognostic factors include the presence of necrosis, lymphatic or vascular invasion, nuclear grade, hormone receptor status, proliferative index, amount of aneuploidy, and HER-2/neu expression. 

Low risk Node-negative and all the following pathologic tumor size of 2 cm or less, or grade 1, absence of peritu-moral vascular invasion, HER2/neu gene neither overexpressed nor amplified, and age 35 years or older... 

In the immunocompromised host, aspergillosis is characterized by vascular invasion leading to thrombosis, infarction, and necrosis of tissue. 

Tumor size and the presence and number of involved axillary lymph nodes are primary factors in assessing the risk for breast cancer recurrence and subsequent metastatic disease. Other disease characteristics that provide prognostic information include histologic subtype, nuclear or histologic grade, lymphatic and vascular invasion, and proliferation indices. 

Inhibitors of matrix metaloproteases also reside in normal hyaline cartilage, where they may inhibit vascular invasion [107]. Blood vessel invasion into cartilage induces endochondral ossification, a normal process in the growth of long bones, but which would be undesirable, for example, in the articular cartilage. Loss of angioinhibitory activity within articular cartilage may contribute to the vascular invasion and ossification, which characterizes the osteoarthritic joint [108, 109],... 

Ti—T4 Size and/or local extension of the primary tumour Ti Solitary node <2 cm, no vascular invasion... 

Multiple nodes, limited to one lobe, no node >2 cm, no vascular invasion or... 

Multiple nodes, limited to one hver lobe, one node > 2 cm, with or without vascular invasion T4 Multiple nodes in more than one liver lobe or a tumour affecting a larger branch of the portal or... 

Angiography CT arteriography, CT arterioportography or MR angiography may help to detect vascular invasion and irregularities. Cholangiocellular carcinomas are poorly vascularized. 

Follicular adenomas and follicular carcinomas are usually indistinguishable in radiological, cytopathological or clinical features, unless, of course, metastases are present. The distinction relies on detection of capsular or vascular invasion at the periphery of the carcinoma, and this, in turn, requires surgical excision—an expensive and not risk-free operation—and detailed pathological examination of the specimen. 

MR spectra from 33 patients with breast cancer with vascular invasion and 52 without were subjected to the SCS-based analysis. Maximally discriminatory subregions were 0.47-0.55, 0.57-0.62, 0.86-0.92, 1.00-1.03, 1.69-1.71, 1.99-2.05, 2.55-2.56 and 2.63-2.72 ppm for the first derivatives of the spectra, and 0.75-0.81, 0.90-0.94, 1.03-1.12, 1.21-1.24, 1.59-1.63, 2.00-2.04, 2.24-2.27 and 2.70-2.74 ppm for rank-ordered spectra. Using LDA and bootstrap-based cross-validation, two separate classifiers, A (using the optimal regions from the first derivatives of the spectra) and B (using the optimal regions from the rank-ordered spectra), were developed. The final classifier was the Wolpert-combined A + B classifiers.61... 

The presence of vascular invasion was predicted by the SCS with a sensitivity of 81.8% and specificity of 100% (Table 2). The overall crispness of the data was 94.1% that is, 5 of the total of 85 samples were classified as fuzzy (class probability less than 75%). An overall 91.9% accuracy for the test set was obtained when specimens classified as fuzzy were excluded.83... 

Allelic loss of chromosome 18q, which is located on the DCC gene, is predictive of mortality, independent of tumor differentiation, vascular invasion, and TNM stage. Five-year smvival rates decrease by 39% and 14% in patients with allelic loss of chromosome 18q and stage II or III colorectal cancer, respectively. Tumors that overexpress TS, which is responsible for converting de-oxyuridine monophosphate to deoxythymidine monophosphate, an... 

Burger, S. Classen, D. Burke, J. Blatter, D. "Candidal Brain Abscess Associated with Vascular Invasion", Clin. Infect. Diseases, 1995,21, 202-205. 

Interleukin-1 polymorphisms have been associated with increased risk of gastric and may influence the varying susceptibility to develop gastric cancers and chromosome 18q loss is connected to vascular invasion. ... 

Level2 Fixed high-dose ablation, 5550MBq (150mCi), is reserved for patients with lesions above 4.0 cm in size or with any of the following in the operative specimen multifocal tumors, local-regional lymph node metastases, prominent vascular invasion, or extension of tumors to extra-thyroidal soft tissue. 

The biosynthesis and assembly of extracellular matrix with angiogenesis and vascular invasion is a prerequisite to restore the architecture of skeletal structures with a constellation of extracellular matrix components [5]. Therefore, a critical provision for tissue engineering is the sculpturing of the optimal extracellular matrix scaffolding [5] for the transformation of responding cells into secretory bone cells and osteoblasts. 

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