Big Chemical Encyclopedia

Chemical substances, components, reactions, process design ...

Articles Figures Tables About

Vascular anatomy differences

The proposal that NO or its reactant products mediate toxicity in the brain remains controversial in part because of the use of non-selective agents such as those listed above that block NO formation in neuronal, glial, and vascular compartments. Nevertheless, a major area of research has been into the potential role of NO in neuronal excitotoxicity. Functional deficits following cerebral ischaemia are consistently reduced by blockers of NOS and in mutant mice deficient in NOS activity, infarct volumes were significantly smaller one to three days after cerebral artery occlusion, and the neurological deficits were less than those in normal mice. Changes in blood flow or vascular anatomy did not account for these differences. By contrast, infarct size in the mutant became larger... [Pg.283]

An additional variable that must be accounted for in derma absorption studies that may overshadow the difference between chemicals Is body site differences in absorption within a species. Regional variation in skin permeability at different body. sites may be related to skin thickne.ss, number of cell layers, cell size of the epidermis and stratum comeum, and di.stribution of hair follicles and sweat pores. Because of thick layers of stratum corneum, permeability in palmar and plantar skin is expected to be less than that in the scalp or forearm (Feldmann and Maibach, 1974). Data from several studies suggc.st that regional variation in vascular anatomy and blood flow should also be considered (Montciro-Rivicrc o/.. 1990 Qiao cf a/.. 1993). [Pg.416]

Embolization therapy has become a major arm of modern interventional therapy. Its applications have become fundamental cores in the multimodality treatment paradigms in trauma, oncology, and endovascular therapy of vascular malformations and aneurysms. Knowledge of different techniques, materials and vascular anatomy and variants is essential to obtain good clinical outcome and minimize complications. [Pg.10]

In living transplant donors, it is essential to display the vascular anatomy prior to surgery. Scanning, e.g. of the liver, by CT requires acquisition of different well-defined contrast phases for the detection of the overlaying different vascular structures. Newer workstations provide for three-dimensional... [Pg.217]

Figure I. Schematic representation of differences in vascular anatomy of normal tissue (A) and tumor tissue (B). Note the excessive network development of vessels and extravasation of macromolecules and lipid particles in tumor (B). (A from Courtice (7), and B from Maeda... Figure I. Schematic representation of differences in vascular anatomy of normal tissue (A) and tumor tissue (B). Note the excessive network development of vessels and extravasation of macromolecules and lipid particles in tumor (B). (A from Courtice (7), and B from Maeda...
The upper respiratory tract, particularly the nose, has a unique anatomy that performs normal physiologic functions as well as innate defense against inhaled toxicants. The nose extends from the nostrils to the pharynx. Inspired air enters the nose through the nostrils. The nasal cavity is divided longitudinally by a septum into two nasal compartments. In most mammalian species, each nasal cavity is divided into a dorsal, ventral, and middle (lateral) meatus by two turbinate bones, the nasoturbinate and maxilloturbinate. These turbinates project from the dorsolateral and ventrolateral wall of the cavity, respectively. In the posterior portion of the nose, the ethmoid recess contains the ethmoturbinate. The nasal cavity is lined by a vascular mucosa that consists of four distinct types of epithelia. In rodents, these epithelia are (1) the stratified squamous epithelium that lines the nasal vestibule and the floor of the ventral meatus in the anterior portion of the nose (2) the non-ciliated, pseudostratified, transitional epithelium that lies between the squamous epithelium and the respiratory epithelium and lines the lateral meatus (3) the ciliated respiratory epithelium that lines the remainder of the nasal cavity anterior and ventral to the olfactory epithelium and (4) the olfactory epithelium (neuroepithelium) that lines the dorsal meatus and ethmoturbinates in the caudal portion of the nose. The relative abundance and exact locations of these upper respiratory epithelium differ among mammalian species. [Pg.642]

CAM plants use the same chemistry but package it differently. Specifically, they lack the Kranz anatomy that is the defining characteristic of the C4 plants. Kranz is the German word for wreath and refers to the appearance—in a cross-sectioned leaf—of the cells which sheath the vascular bundles in C4 plants. CAM stands for Crassulacean Acid Metabolism. There is no such thing as crassulacean acid. The name instead refers to the initial discovery of this pathway of carbon fixation, in which oxaloacetic, malic, and pyruvic acids play key roles, in plants from the family Crassulaceae. cam plants open their stomata, take in CO2, and produce malate at night. Temperatures and, consequently, water losses are lower. During the day, the stomata are closed and the malate is processed as in the bundle-sheath cells of C4 plants. Diffusive losses of CO2 are, however, greater than those in C4 plants. [Pg.238]

These two forms possessed anatomical structures of culms clearly differing from each other. The terrestrial forms had an unusual Kranz type of anatomy which is characterized by the presence of colourless mestome sheath cells intervening between the mesophyll cells and the Kranz cells (1,2,3). The chloroplasts with well-developed grana and many large mitochondria were scattered in the Kranz cells, although the terrestrial forms had biochemical features of the NAD-malic enzyme C4 subtype (2,3). The submersed forms possessed large spherical mesophyll cells and reduced vascular bundles, which are characteristic of submersed aquatic plants (2,4). Kranz cells contained relatively smaller chloroplasts than the Kranz cells of the terrestrial forms. [Pg.3630]

Living animal models Realism, mimic complications, different anatomy from human, ethical issues, high costs Soft tissue and vessel preparation, performance of vascular anastomoses, damage control... [Pg.100]


See other pages where Vascular anatomy differences is mentioned: [Pg.67]    [Pg.140]    [Pg.12]    [Pg.408]    [Pg.3824]    [Pg.9]    [Pg.49]    [Pg.84]    [Pg.202]    [Pg.217]    [Pg.300]    [Pg.83]    [Pg.16]    [Pg.264]    [Pg.63]    [Pg.277]    [Pg.259]    [Pg.122]    [Pg.488]    [Pg.410]    [Pg.270]    [Pg.86]    [Pg.720]    [Pg.136]    [Pg.215]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.10 , Pg.12 ]




SEARCH



Anatomy

Vascular anatomy

© 2024 chempedia.info