Variability patterns

Rodriguez I., Feinstein P. and Mombaerts P. (1999). Variable patterns of axonal projections of sensory neurons in the mouse vomeronasal system. Cell 97, 199-208. 

The numbers and times of collection for fecal specimens depend somewhat on the diagnosis suspected. As a routine, because some organisms are shed in a variable pattern, it is advisable to examine multiple specimens before excluding parasites. The general recommendation is to collect a specimen every second or third day, for a total of three specimens. From a hospitalized patient, one specimen each day for three days may be more cost effective. 

Average Values. A major issue is how to cope with the normal variation in the composition of raw materials. The directive defines an average value as the value which best represents the amount of the nutrient which a given food contains and reflects allowances for seasonal variability, patterns of consumption and other factors which may cause the actual value to vary . 

The temperature record showed a more variable pattern. For the relatively slowly polymerising styrene and indene, the initial reaction rate was always so much less than the rate of mixing-in of the initiator solution, even with high initiator concentrations, that the reaction curves showed good first-order behaviour from the start. For the more reactive monomers, all the reaction curves were sigmoid, with a marked but variable acceleration lasting rarely more than 3 seconds. The behaviour of the conductivity mentioned above indicates that this is not due to the slowness of the initiation reaction,... 

Synthetic musks have been detected in human tissues (Table 8) due to their lipophilic nature and their low biodegradability. The occurrence of these fragrance-related chemicals is subjected to a variable pattern with substantial interindividual differences, opposed to other environmental contaminants such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) or pesticides [165]. 

Excretion of heparan sulfate may also be slightly increased in cases of mucosulfa-tidoses. MPS VII is difficult to identify as variable patterns of GAG excretion are observed and it may frequently look similar to normal controls. Keratan sulfate excretion in the case of MPS IV patients may be only 5-16% of total urinary GAGs, so that identification of patients may require an overloading of the plate [19]. 

A2. Nodal marginal zone lymphoma (MZL). These tumors may show a variable pattern of lymph node infiltration including parafollicular, perisinusal, nodular, and diffuse. Residual reactive follicles may show infiltration by the neoplastic cell population (S30). 

Girod R, Roux E, Berger F et al (2011) Unravelling the relationships between Anopheles darlingi (Diptera Culicidae) densities, environmental factors and malaria incidence understanding the variable patterns of malarial transmission in French Guiana (South America). Ann Trop Med Parasitol 105(2) 107-122... 

Total LDH activity was significantly enhanced in EDL, diaphragm, and serum by carbofuran (1.5mg/kg, s.c.) or methyl parathion (5 mg/kg, i.p.) within 1 h of injection. Each AChE inhibitor caused marked elevation of all five isoenzymes in serum, with maximum increases in LDH-1 and LDH-4 (three-fold). Unlike serum, muscle LDH isoenzymes depicted variable patterns by carbofuran or methyl parathion intoxication. A significant decline in ATP appears to be the mechanism involved in leakage of cytoplasmic/mitochondrial enzymes into circulation (Gupta et al, 1994). 

In fact, systems like 224 and 225 represent simple models of artificial receptors with a variable pattern of substrate recognition. It is also noteworthy that the observed properties of these ligands did not come as a surprise but, rather, as the anticipated result of a thoughtful choice in structural parameters for the designed structures. 

Minor elements display variable patterns. Elements Mg, K and Ca are correlated with clays in cation-exchange positions. Barium often correlates with S in barium sulphates (O Hara et al., 1989 Dorn et al., 1990 Cremaschi, 1996). In other cases, Ba correlates with Mn (Liu, 2003). Ti can correlate with Fe in titanomagnetite detrital grains (Mancinelli et al., 2002), but more often Ti is not well correlated with any major element (Dorn, 1998). 

Rodriguez I, Feinstein P, Mombaerts P (1999) Variable patterns of axonal projections of sensory neurons in the mouse vomeronasal system. Cell 97 199-208 Rodriguez I, Greer CA, Mok MY, Mombaerts P (2000) A putative pheromone receptor gene expressed in human olfactory mucosa. Nat Genet 26 18-19 Rodriguez I, Del Punta K, Rothman A, Ishii T, Mombaerts P (2002) Multiple new and isolated families within the mouse superfamily of Vlr vomeronasal receptors. Nat Neurosci 5 134-140... 

Platinum-based chemotherapeutics induced hair cell death in rodents, albeit in variable patterns. In guinea pig, mice, and rat, cisplatin caused hearing loss that correlated to the loss of hair cells [36]. In the chinchilla, cisplatin predominantly affected outer hair cells and neurons [57], In contrast, carboplatin damaged IHCs, vestibular hair cells and auditory nerves only in chinchillas, and showed little ototoxic potency in other rodents and humans [41, 57, 58]. 

Spraker TR, Balachandran A, Zhuang D et al (2004) Variable patterns of distribution of PrP (CWD) in the obex and cranial lymphoid tissues of Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) with subclinical chronic wasting disease. Vet Rec 155 295-302... 

There is also a negative aspect to consistency. Data which are too consistent are also suspect. Variability patterns are usually quite reproducible from experiment to experiment. Less than usual variability does not always mean better and more careful experimentation. To an auditor, it may suggest the application of mental telepathy or what, in my student days, was known as graphite chemistry. 

A high degree of variability of data is typically observed with data from hving beings, reflecting the rich variabihty of nature. For example, the investigation of tissue samples provides a very variable pattern of individual compounds for each human individual. 

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