Vaporization studies

Lanthanide metal vapor studies with CO have also been done Slater, J. L. DeVore, T. C. Calder, V. Inorg. Chem. 1973, 12, 1918 1974, 13, 1808. 

Lanthanide metal vapor studies with acetylacetone have also been... 

Figure 15, Dealumination of zeolite Na-Y using SiClk vapor studied by 29Si-MAS NMR at 79.8 MHz. Key top, parent Na-Y zeolite and bottom, after treatment with SiClk. (Reproduced from Ref. 30. Copyright 1982, American Chemical Society.)...

Van Ert MD, Arp EW, Harris RL. 1980. Worker exposures to chemical agents in the manufacture of rubber tires Solvent vapor studies. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 41(3) 212-219. 

Piacente, V., Scardala, P., Ferro, D., and Gigli, R. Vaporization study of o, m-, and p-chloroaniline by torsion-weighing effusion vapor pressure measurements, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 30(4) 372-376, 1985. 

Alternate Sample Introduction — Obviously, elimination of the sample dissolution stage would greatly reduce analytical time, as it is the slowest step in the analytical scheme. Pulsed-laser vaporization using a CO2—TEA laser seems promising(63, 64). Another possibility is the introduction of a suitable prepared slurry of the sample into the nebullzer(65). Thermal vaporization studies using heated substrates such as tanta-lum(66), carbon filaments(67), or carbon rods(39) have been reported. Silvester(39) de fined the problems of vapor transport, carrier gas expansion, and solid phase chemistry associated with electrothermal sample introduction to an ICP. 

Kruysse A, Eeron VJ, Til EIP Repeated exposure to acetaldehyde vapor. Studies in Syrian golden hamsters. Arch Environ Health 30 449-152, 1975... 

Fig. 46. Dealumination of zeolite Na-Y using SiCl4 vapor studied by 29Si MAS NMR spectroscopy at 79.80 MHz (206). (a) Parent material (Si/Al = 2.61) (b) after complete dealumination (corresponding to the 27A1 MAS NMR spectrum in Fig. 47d) (Si/Al = SS).

Fig. 47. Dealumination of zeolite Na-Y using SiCl4 vapor studied by 27A1 MAS NMR spectroscopy at 104.22 MHz (207). (a) Parent zeolite Na-Y (b) dealuminated material before washing (c) after washing with dilute acid (d) after repeated washing. Note that the aluminum jettisoned from the zeolitic framework is first bound tetrahedrally as NaAlCl4 (see text), but after washing adopts octahedral coordination.

Sublimed Films Exposed to Vapors. The six different types of phthalocyanine films that were sublimed onto the interdigital electrodes were exposed to each of a series of seven vapors. Two devices, one for reference and one for measurement, were coated by sublimation simultaneously. Metal-free, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Pb phthalocyanines were applied to the interdigital electrodes in this manner. Vapors studied were ammonia, dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP), water, air, benzene, and sulfur dioxide. The relative change in conductivity, S, was computed from the measured voltage by the microcomputer-controlled apparatus using the following relationship ... 

The Knudsen cell mass spectrometric method is well established and has been described in many reviews, as can be seen in references (6-10). It is an important method for equilibrium vapor studies of high temperature systems for temperatures up to approximately 3000 K. There is no other method presently available that permits the measurement of bond energies of minor molecular vapor components at such high tein)eratures. 

We believe that a similar water vapor solubility enhancement of alkali vapor transport is possible in soda-lime-silica glass systems, and work is in progress to verify this. Some of the disparities between various glass vaporization studies may well result from variations in water content and, hence, alkali activities. The common explanation for water vapor enhanced alkali vapor transport over silicates has revolved around formation of volatile NaOH (77) and KOH (53) species. However, no direct test for the presence of these species has been made, and the possibility of water vapor enhancement of atomic Na and K transport exists in these systems. 

Chakrabarti, A., Bonnell, D. W., Stewart, G., and Hastie, J. W. "Vaporization Studies of Alkali Benzoates in Reactive Atmospheres" 1981, to be published. 

The interaction of a lanthanide metal with a substrate such as 3-hexyne could occur in several ways 60) by it complex formation, by oxidative addition into a C—H bond, or by reduction involving radical species. Subsequent lanthanide metal vapor studies were designed to test some of these possibilities. Co-condensation of lanthanide metal vapor with reagents containing acidic hydrogen atoms, e.g., terminal alkynes, demonstrated that oxidative addition of C—H was a viable reaction [Eqs. (32) and (33)] 51). These reactions also provided access to a new class of... 

Winkler, A., Mehl, J. B., and Hess, P, Chemical relaxation ofH bonds in formic acid vapor studied by resonant photoacoustic spectroscopy, J. Chem. Phys. 100, 2717-2727 (1994). 

The vaporization studies are summarized on the Al(g) table. The boiling point (fugacity of one bar), ... 

There Is only one reported vaporization study for Be()l) Baur and Brunner (926 -1283 K, 2). This study was not considered in the analysis as it had an incorrect temperature dependence, as was also noted by Hultgren et al. (3). 

Tvap is calculated as that temperature for which A G 0 for the process NbClg(t) = NbClg(g). A pl the difference between the A H values for NbClg(g) and NbClg(ji) at Seven vaporization studies are summarized in the... 

There are six sublimation studies and two vaporization studies from which an enthalpy of formation for Hf(g) could be derived. A plot of these vapor pressure data, log p vs 1/T, reveals considerable discrepancy between the various studies. In the liquid region, the vapor pressure values of Koch et al. (1 ) and Ackermann and Rauh (2) are in close agreement. The pressures of the former study are 5% higher at 2500 K but become 10% lower at 2800 K. The measured temperatures in the former study ( ) were adjusted (i.e., the pyrometer reading) by Koch et al. ( ) so that at the observed melting point the temperature would be 2500 K. The sample purity was not stated. In the latter study (2) the reported vapor pressures were corrected pressures (assuming ideal solution) from a eutectic of Hf and W. The Hf sample had a measured melting point of 2464 K the purity was not reported. 

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