Soda lime-silica glasses

Most of the commercial glass by weight is based on the soda-lime-silica ternary system, with minor additions of other oxides to adjust the properties for specific applications. While vitreous silica has many properties which make it desirable for application as a flat, container, or lamp glass, the high melting temperature required to produce vitreous silica ( 2000 °C) precludes its application for the more common consumer products, where cost is a driving force behind the choice of glass composition. 

The density and refractive index of soda-lime-silica glasses are greater than those of vitreous silica due to the filling of interstices in the network by the sodium and calcium ions. As a result, the density increases to =2.5 gcm, while the refractive index increases to = 1.51. The small variations in these properties with typical variations in glass composition for commercial soda-lime-silica glasses is rarely of pragmatic importance. 

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Platinum is a beautiful silvery-white metal, when pure, and is malleable and ductile. It has a coefficient of expansion almost equal to that of soda-lime-silica glass, and is therefore used to make sealed electrodes in glass systems. The metal does not oxidize in air at any temperature, but is corroded by halogens, cyanides, sulfur, and caustic alkalis. 

For the hard borosilicate glasses and the soda-lime-silica glasses this if around 0-0025 cal °C" cm sec. For vitreous silica (Vitreosil) in the transparent form it is 0-0025 up to 500°C, and 0-0035 from 500 to 1000°C for the translucent form it is 0-0033. 

I il a soda-lime-silica glass, containing magnesia and boric oxide 1 than 1 per cent), made by the General Electric Co. It is often ibed as GEC X.8. or simply as X.8. The linear coefficient of Jial expansion between 20 and 350°C is 9-65 0-10 x 10-. This I il available as tubing and rod in a wide range of sizes. 

Soda cellulose IV, 5 379 Soda drossing process, 14 748 Sodalime silica (SLS) glass surface coatings, 12 608 Soda—lime silica glass,... 

Reference Point Definition Viscosity (poise) 96% Si02 glass (°C) Soda-lime-silica glass (°C)... 

The phase structure of glasses has a significant effect on their physical properties, which is discussed below with reference to chemical durability. The magnitude of the phase separation can be altered by heat treatment, and enhanced or reduced by the addition of various oxides to the melt. In particular, the addition of alumina to commercial soda-lime-silica glasses reduces the tendency to phase separation, improving chemical resistance (Doremus, 1973). A detailed study of the microstructure of soda-lime-silica glasses has been published by Burnett and Douglas (1970). The control of phase separation in the melt is now commercially important for processes such as the... 

Soda-lime-silica glass 6.9 Potassinm bromide 4.9... 

Soda-Lime-Silica Glasses. This is the most important group in terms of tonnage melted and variety of use. The combination of silica sand, soda ash. and limestone produces a glass that is easily melted and shaped and has good chemical durability. The raw materials are indigenous to most areas of the world and inexpensive. Soda-lime glasses are particularly suited... 

Figure 7. A uger surface spectrum of a commercial soda-lime-silica glass before corrosion (a) after corrosion, for 1 h (b), 37°C and compositional profile obtained by AES-Ar ion milling of the corroded glass in (b) and spectra obtained at various depths for 1 h, 37°C (c). (Reproduced, with permission, from Ref. 1. Copyright 1979, Books for Industry.)...

Aqueous corrosion profiles have also been measured on soda-lime-silica glasses using SIMS.(18) Both negative and positive oxygen primary ions were used for sputtering in combination with a metal diaphragm to minimize charging. 

Figure 9. Compositional concentration profiles of a soda-lime-silica glass corroded for 30 min at 75°C in water. Obtained with SIMS. (Reproduced from Ref. 18. Copyright 1979, American Chemical Society.)...

Figure 2.37 shows the dielectric dispersion and absorption curves for a common soda lime silica glass and their general form is seen to be consistent with the predictions (Fig. 2.36 and Eqs (2.117) and (2.118)). 

Figure 7.9 Thermal expansion behavior of reheated soda-lime-silica glass. The decrease in slope just before Tg implies the thermally induced relaxation of a rapidly quenched glass.

Soda lime silica glass 1.00 NaaO 0.58 CaO 3.70 Si02 2-3... 

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