Vaporization-induced

Gastrointestinal Effects. Inhalation of JP-5 vapor induced nausea in one individual. Abdominal cramps, vomiting, and diarrhea occurred in another man who was exposed to diesel fuel vapor for 10 days... 

Acute inhalation of diesel fuel no. 2 vapor induced dose-dependent ataxia, increased sensitivity to heat, changes in behavior, and tremors in mice. Also, while ataxia occurred, there was no affect on the spinal... 

Herve et al. (57) investigated the thermal changes of structures by means of XRD and TG-DTA for Keggin-type heteropolyacids and proposed Scheme 2. Infrared spectroscopy of H4PMo, VO40 showed the release of vanadium atoms to form H3PM012O40 and vanadium phosphate species (55). Exposure to water vapor induces the decomposition of the latter (indicated by the disappearance of a band at ca. 1037-1030 cm -1) (58). 

Min, B.M., Jeong, L., Lee, K.Y., and Park, W.H. "Regenerated silk fibroin nanofibers Water vapor-induced structural changes and their effects on the behavior of normal human cells". Macromol. Biosci. 6(4), 285-292 (2006). 

Luo et al. have fabricated a conductive polyurethane/MWNT composite thin film with a selective vapor-induced sensing performance through in-situ dispersion polymerization (120). This kind of thin films yielded higher responsivity to some solvent vapors like benzene, toluene, acetone and chloroform than others such as carbon tetrachloride, cyclohexane, methanol and formaldehyde. 

Asymmetric membranes are usually produced by phase inversion techniques. In these techniques, an initially homogeneous polymer solution becomes thermodynamically unstable due to different external effects and the phase separates into polymer-lean and polymer-rich phases. The polymer-rich phase forms the matrix of the membrane, while the polymer-lean phase, rich in solvents and nonsolvents, fills the pores. Four main techniques exist to induce phase inversion and thus to prepare asymmetric porous membranes [85] (a) thermally induced phase separation (TIPS), (b) immersion precipitation (wet casting), (c) vapor-induced phase separation (VIPS), and (d) dry (air) casting. 

Vapor-Induced Phase Separation During the VIPS process, phase separation is induced by penetration of nonsolvent vapor, into the homogeneous polymer solution consisting of polymer and solvent(s). Mass transfer is usually much slower than that in the wet casting process thus, the VIPS process has been used to obtain membranes with symmetric, cellular, and interconnected pores [86,87],... 

Sekowski, J.W., Orehek, M. A., Bucher, J. et al. (2004). Low-level inhalation exposure to chemical nerve agent vapor induces expression of neuronal apoptosis and regeneration genes. Proceedings of the 24th Annual Army Science Conference, November 29-December 2, 2004, Orlando, FL. 

K. Fujii, Y. Ashida, H. Uekusa, S. Hirano, S. Toyota, F. Toda, Z. Pan, K.D.M. Harris, Vapor induced crystalline transformation investigated by ab initio powder X-ray diffraction analysis, Cryst. Growth Des. 9 (2009) 1201-1207. 

Exothermic Crystallization Precipitation Solidification Adsorption Solvent vapor induced crystallization of amorphous excipients Formation of salt forms of drug substances Melt granulation with semisolid excipients Solvent vapor sorption by drug substances... 

The oral LD50 value for rat is 5.9 g kg whereas the LC50 is 60 000 ppm (30 min exposure). Acute exposures to butanal vapors induce inflammation of the alveolar and bronchial regions of the lung, with death due to pulmonary edema. Severe irritation of... 

I. Methanol vapor-induced morphology and current-voltage characteristic changes in a cast-coated Nation film/interdigitated microarray electrode. J. Polym. Sci. B Polym. Phys. 2002, 40, 1103. 

For a polyanUine film, the light absorption measurements were conducted after the film was exposed to HCl and NH3 vapors, respectively, as shown in Fig. 14 [19]. The difference in the spectra indicated that HCl and NH3 vapors induced a different band structure and conformation of the polymer. Therefore, the optical property of the film changed when the film switched from one state (doped by HCl) to another (dedoped by NH3). The refractive index measurement by ellipsometry showed that the refractive index changed from 2.43 (doped by HCl) to 1.95 (dedoped by NH3). 

Nordholm, A.F., J. Rossi III, G.D. Ritchie, S. Mclnturf, M.E. Hulme, C. McCool,L. Narayanan, K.L. MacMahon, J. Eggers, H.F. Leahy, and R.E. Wolfe. 1999. Repeated exposure of rats to J P-4 vapor induces changes in neurobehavioral capacity and 5HT/5-HIAA levels. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 56(7) 471-499. 

Kim, D.H. et al.. Solvent vapor-induced nanowire formation in poly(3-hexylth-iophene) thin films, Macromol. Rapid Commun. 26, 834—839, 2005. 

Elsworth D., B Voight, J Simmons, S Young and B Winkler, Vaporization-induced overpressures as a trigger for the hazardous collapse of lava domes, this volume, 2004. 

VAPORIZATION-INDUCED OVERPRESSURES AS A TRIGGER FOR THE HAZARDOUS COLLAPSE OF LAVA DOMES... 

Mioduszewski et al. (2001) estimated the probability of sarin vapor-induced lethality in Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to various combinations of exposure concentration and duration in a whole-body dynamic chamber. In this study, the onset of clinical signs and changes in blood cholinesterase activity were measured with each exposure. Miosis was the initial clinical sign observed at the start of the exposure. The authors have reported that the interaction of LC50X time (LCT 50) values increased with each exposure duration and found poor correlation of cholinesterase inhibition to exposure conditions or to the severity of clinical signs. 

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