Homogeneous polymer solution

Kulicke, W.-M., Kotter, M. and Grager, H. Drag Reduction Phenomenon with Special Emphasis on Homogeneous Polymer Solutions. Vol. 89, pp. 1—68. 

Window autoclaves have been built to allow one to determine visually the appearance of turbidity in a homogeneous polymer solution, indicating the onset of phase separation, and to observe the resulting number of liquid and gaseous phases and optionally to determine their composition. Lentz [40] developed a mechanically driven stirrer fitted in a 2000-bar window autoclave. This apparatus allowed fast homogenation of concentrated polymer solutions and blends having low viscosity. 

Drag Reduction Phenomenon with Special Emphasis on Homogeneous Polymer Solutions... 

With the aid of the two-color Laser-Doppler-Anemometry (LDA), Bewersdorff was able to measure the axial and the radial turbulence intensities simultaneously and also the Reynolds shear stresses. The injection of polymer results in a damping of both intensities in the region of their maxima. In his Reynolds shear stress measurements he showed that the polymer injection results in a drastic damping, and the stress maximum is shifted towards the center of the pipe. In a homogeneous polymer solution the maximum of the Reynolds shear stress remains in the same position-as for water. Only in the region of the buffer zone are the shear stresses reduced. 

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