Vaccines biotechnology

Rice, J., Ainley, W.M., and Shewen, P. (2005). Plant-made vaccines biotechnology and immunology in animal health. Animal Health Res. Rev. 6(2) 199-209. 

Cleland JL. Solvent evaporation processes for the production of controlled release biodegradable microsphere formulations for therapentics and vaccines. Biotechnology Progress. January-February 1998 14(1) 102-107. PubMed PMID 9496674. 

Center for Biologies Evaluation and Research (CBER). This center is responsible for the regulation and approval of ah biological products intended for use in the treatment, prevention, or cure of diseases or injuries to humans. A biological product is any vims, therapeutic semm, toxin, antitoxin, vaccine, blood or blood component or derivative, or analogous product (5). It also includes products produced by biotechnology, such as interferons and erythropoietins. 

G. Woodrow, "An Overview of Biotechnology as AppHed to Vacciue Development," ia G. Woodrow and M. Levine, eds.. New Generation Vaccines, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1990. 

A biomolecular system of glycoproteins derived from bacterial cell envelopes that spontaneously aggregates to form crystalline arrays in the mesoscopic range is reviewed in Chapter 9. The structure and features of these S-layers that can be applied in biotechnology, membrane biomimetics, sensors, and vaccine development are discussed. 

The plant-based production of vaccines is a potentially transformative technology, but the use of a similar technology for agricultural biotechnology has stimulated significant public debate, especially focused on genetically modified foods (GM foods). 

After the approval of the first product, recombinant insulin, in 1982, progress in the development of new recombinant protein pharmaceuticals was slow ([10], Fig. 17.1). The number of biotechnology-derived drugs and vaccines approved by the US Food and Dmg Administration (FDA) has increased significantly only since 1995. More recently, sales of biologies have skyrocketed, e.g. from 900 million in 1999 to an estimated 3.5 billion in 2001 for monoclonal antibodies [11]. The annual global market for biopharmaceuticals is estimated to have increased from 12 billion US to 30 billion US in 2003 [12]. 500 candidate biopharmaceuticals are undergoing clinical evaluation and over one hundred protein-based therapeutics are in the... 

Edelman, R. 2002. The development and use of vaccine adjuvants. Molecular Biotechnology 21(2), 129-148. Francis, J. and Larche, M. 2005. Peptide-based vaccination where do we stand Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology 5(6), 537-543. 

Robertson, J. and Griffiths, E. 2001. Assuring the quality, safety and efficacy of DNA vaccines. Molecular Biotechnology 17(2), 143-149. 

Since 1986, the USFDA has approved 22 vaccines (Table 12.7), half of them from a genetic engineering (and all, of course, from a biotechnology source). The cells used for such genetic engineering production of vaccine can be mammalian, insect or bacterial. 

Sinclair M. Surface vaccine combo, Nature Biotechnology 18 586 (2000). 

Singh M, O Hagan D. Advances in vaccine adjuvants, Nature Biotechnology 17 1075-1081 (1999). 

Source Fox JL. Uncertainty surrounds cancer vaccine review at 7T>A,Nature Biotechnology 25 827-828 (2007). 

Abstract. The hybrid cell lines, which we have obtained, can be widely used in veterinary virology and biotechnology for preparing vaccines, test-systems for viruses. Any strains of hybrid cells are producing the biological active proteins (enzymes and others). We have obtained hybrid cell lines (PO-TKxCO, PO-TKxHO), which are sensitive to prion protein, and also hybrid culture with P-cells of the pancreas of rabbit. 

Researchers are working to produce recombinant proteins from viruses in plants so that the leaves, fruit, or root (such as potatoes) would be edible forms of vaccine. A vaccine that is eaten may be more appealing and suitable than injections, particularly in poor parts of world with limited access to skilled health-care professionals. But there are barriers to the development of plant vaccines. First, there are technical issues. For example, would conditions within the stomach allow the immune system to respond to the protein to provide protection Additionally, some people are concerned about the environmental and health risks of growing vaccine-producing plants in fields. Could the food be safely processed and shipped While the development of plant-based vaccines has been a research success since first reported in 1992, it remains uncertain whether this form of biotechnology will eventually have a major impact on public health. 

---