INDEX utilization

One study used quality-adjusted life years to capture the range of health-related dimensions that may affect the quality of life of patients. This measure also provides an estimate of the value or preferences for changes in health status (Neumann et al, 1999). The study used the Health Utility Index Mark II in a sample of patients and carers, which is a generic measure of the value of health-related quality of life. However, it is clear that further research is needed to explore (a) the key determinants or dimensions of quality of life that are important to people with dementia and their carers (b) whether existing instmments to measure and value health-related quality of life are able to detect differences in quality of life that are important to people with cognitive disability and their carers and (c) whether the assessment and... 

O— Sales index -A— Utilization index — Value-added index... 

If the entire mass flux of a species k flows out via a surface reaction, then UI = 1. If, on the other hand, none of the species k reacts at the surface, then UI = 0. Presumably the utilization index for any species involved in the deposition process should be high. If it is not, then the cost paid for its creation is not fully recouped. 

Average percentage of positive responses to 4 types of catabolic and physiological tests. Exoenzymes presence was tested on 7 macromolecules (Arcachon) and on 2 macromolecules (Roscoff). The organic compounds utilization index was calculated on the basis of 34 substrates in Arcachon (amino acids, carbohydrates, alcohols, fatty and organic acids) and on 13 substrates in Roscoff (principally carbohydrates and alcohols). IP initial bacterial population. P microcalorimetric peak. FSS final steady-state. 

The microscreens construction and operation and maintenance costs (1979 dollars, Utilities Index = 257.20) are illustrated in Figs. 3 and 4, respectively (9). To obtain the values in terms of the present 2004 US dollars, using the Cost Index for Utilities (Appendix A), multiply the costs by a factor of 506.13/257.20 = 1.97 (20). The costs are based on the following assumptions ... 

Torrance GW, Furlong W, Feeny D, Boyle M. Multiattribute preference functions. Health Utilities Index. Pharmacoeconomics. 1995 7 503-20. 

Multiattribute Health-Status Classification Systems In addition to direct measures, instruments are available for which the health-state preferences have been derived empirically through population studies. The instruments are administered to measure respondents health status, which is then mapped onto a multiattribute health status classification system. Examples of such instruments include the Quality of Well-Being Scale (QWB), the Health Utilities Index (HUI), and the EuroQOL Group s EQ-5D. Although each will be described briefly below, more thorough descriptions of these three instruments are provided elsewhere." " ... 

HIV/AIDS human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome HUI Health Utilities Index HYEs healthy-year equivalents ICC intraclass correlation coefficient KDQOL Kidney Disease Quality of Life instrument MCS mental component summary scale of the SF-36 MOS-HTV Medical Outcomes Study HIV Health Survey MOT Medical Outcomes Trust MSQOL Migraine Specific Quality of Life NHP Nottingham Health Profile PCS physical component summary scale of the SF-36 QALY quahty-adjusted hfe year QOL quahty of life QOLIE Quality of Life in Epilepsy QWB Quality of WeU-Being scale SF-36 MOS 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey SIP Sickness Impact Profile VAS visual analog scale WY well year YHL years of healthy life... 

Furlong WJ, Feeny DH, Torrance GW, Barr RD. The Health Utilities Index (HUI) system for assessing health-related quality of life in clinical studies. Ann Med 2001 33 375-384. 

G. W. Torrance, W. Furlong, D. Feeny and M. Boyle, Multi-attribute preference functions Health utilities index, PharmacoEconomics 7(6) (1995), 503-520. 

Ouellet D. Benefit-risk assessment the use of clinical utility index. Expert Opinion on Drug Safety March 2010 9(2) 289-300. 

One attempt to classify fish fats (Lambertsen, 1978) is exemplified in Table 10.5. The percentages of as few as eight fatty acids of marine oils and lipids add up to about 80% of those present at 2-3% or more. Nutritionists may request 18 0, 18 2, 18 3 and 20 4, so 12 fatty acids have also been employed. Compared to lard, beef or sheep fats (see above), fish oils are considered highly unsaturated. One of the common trading standards of fish oils is the iodine value (IV). The iodine values of the monoethylenic fatty acids are 90 for 18 1 and 420 for 20 5n-3. Because of the extreme differences in IV for the typical two types of acids in Table 10.5, it was possible (Ackman, 1966) to develop an empirical formula percent polyunsaturated fatty acids = 10.7 + 0.337 (iodine value of oil—100). Table 10.6 shows the applicability of this formula. Since one of the objectives of the preparation of encapsulated fish oil products is to deliver 20 5n-3 and 22 6n-3 (Ackman et al., 1989 Sagredos, 1992), the iodine value is an easily utilized index of the suitability of raw materials for this or other uses. 

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