Utilitarian

Accurate temperature measurements in real-life situations are difficult to make using the KTTS. Most easily used thermometers are not thermodynamic that is, they do not operate on principles of the first and second laws. Most practicable thermometers depend upon some principle that is a repeatable and single-valued analogue of temperature, and they are used as interpolation devices of practical and utilitarian temperature scales which are themselves... 

The more utilitarian means for installing an aryl substituent in position 4 onto the 2(5//)-furanone ring, the Suzuki-type cross-coupling of arylboronic acid with... 

Both approaches share two fundamental utilitarian assumptions. First, utilitarianism is a consequentialist ethics that determines right and wrong by looking to the results of various policies. Second, they hold that ethics ought to be concerned with the overall, or aggregate, welfare. Deontological ethics (the word is derived from the Greek word for duty) rejects both of these assumptions. 

His talents were many an intuitive grasp of mathematics, a remarkable memory and an original approach. Fourier was a man of great common sense, a utilitarian, and a positivist. 

The earliest dams were built for utilitarian purposes, to create reservoirs for drinking supplies—as in the Sadd el-Kafara—or to prevent flooding or for irrigation purposes. Early dams were even used to create lakes for recreational puiqioses. In the middle... 

Some TPs and TSs begin as liquids that can be cast and polymerized into solids. In the process various ornamental or utilitarian objects can be embedded in the plastic. By definition, casting applies to the formation of an object by pouring a fluid plastic solution into an open mold where it completes its solidification. Casting can also lead to the... 

At Park Avalon on Park Avenue South, a hangar-size boutique-hotel-lobby-style restaurant and bar, Jennifer Schumacher, the bartender, served her Long Island iced tea in a utilitarian-looking milkshake glass. 

Research into cluster catalysis has been driven by both intrinsic interest and utilitarian potential. Catalysis involving "very mixed -metal clusters is of particular interest as many established heterogeneously catalyzed processes couple mid and late transition metals (e.g., hydrodesulfurization and petroleum reforming). Attempts to model catalytic transformations arc summarized in Section II.F.I., while the use of "very mixed -metal clusters as homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis precursors are discussed in Sections I1.F.2. and I1.F.3., respectively. The general area of mixed-metal cluster catalysis has been summarized in excellent reviews by Braunstein and Rose while the tabulated results are intended to be comprehensive in scope, the discussion below focuses on the more recent results. 

Thinking back on humanity s 2000 years of lead pollution, Patterson often asked himself, What led us to poison the Earth s biosphere with lead He suggested that the brains of those involved in materialistic and utilitarian engineering might be different from those involved in aesthetic and scientific endeavors. Patterson s brain theory embarrassed many of his colleagues who regarded it as off the wall stuff. ... 

Hot, molten glass is thick and cohesive it can be shaped, and, as it cools down, it hardens while keeping its shape. Solid glass is extremely tough, withstands compression better than steel, is impervious to liquids, and is resistant to chemical attack. All this makes glass useful for making utilitarian artifacts, such as containers for solids and liquids, as well as ornamental and decorative objects (Tite et al. 2002 Tait 1991). 

Leather is the material made from animal skin by the process of tanning, which entails chemically altering the composition of the skin so as to make it durable and resistant to decay. Leather is therefore not a protein but a protein derivative. Although the tanning process alters the composition of skin, leather retains the fibrous structure and utilitarian functionality that make skin suitable for multifarious applications. Shelter, clothing, and decorative objects made from leather are, unlike skin or hide, stable to physical, chemical, and biological decay under dry or wet conditions (O Flaherty et al. 1965 ... 

The economy is in principle inhabited by sellers and buyers. These buy and sell on a market. They are all utilitarian, which basically means that a moral good is to maximize pleasure/happiness. A moral bad is to minimize pleasure/happiness [7, 8]. When related to economic and political decision making, pleasure/happiness is often translated into utility [9]. So what is the decision rationale for the buyer and seller And how does the market function ... 

In the standard neoclassical economic theory, individuals are following a utilitarian ethical norm and are making decisions as if they are economically rational. 

To be a utilitarian implies in the economic area that individual decisions are being made so as to provide as much utility for the individual as possible. The idea is then that the sum of utility-maximizing individuals leads to a maximum welfare for society. The overall idea is that the sum of the decisions taken will maximize society s welfare. 

Utilitarianism as the root for neoclassical economics has a common basis in Jeremy Bentham, Adam Smith, James Mill and John Stuart Mill (father and son) and others. They were influential philosophers and economists in the eighteenth and nineteenth century Britain [6, 7, 10]. 

There are also more fundamental problems. The problems of highest concern for the authors relate to the existence of a utilitarian moral preferences for decision making and the function of the market. 

The utilitarian man is a basis for decision making in economics. And it is a description that is valid in most market situations in the western societies at least. But, the utilitarian ethics is something that few other social sciences can find as rational for human decision making outside the usual market setting, as described earlier. 

On the other hand, branched building blocks [30] possess inherent branching points remote from the site of connection. These monomers can be simple or complex in design and have been used in both divergent and convergent synthetic strategies. In addition, branched monomers can also be used to install utilitarian functionality within cascade molecules. 

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