US Department of Agriculture USDA

The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) has regulatory responsibility for veterinary biologicals, which is exercised by its Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS). The regulated products include vaccines, bacterins and diagnostics, which are used to prevent, treat, or diagnose animal diseases. The Center for Veterinary... 

In addition to regulatory agencies, the US Department of Agriculture (USDA), through its Cooperative State Research Education and Extension Service (CSREES) and the Agricultural Research Service (ARS), funds or carries out the development of analytical methods and the collection of residue data in studies for registration... 

In general, NIR papers did not begin in earnest until the 1970s, when commercial instruments became easily available because of the work of the US Department of Agriculture (USDA)[8-12], Some of these developments will be discussed in Section 6.3. After the success of the USD A, food producers, chemical producers, polymer manufacturers, gasoline producers, etc. picked up the ball and ran with it. The last to become involved, mainly for regulatory reasons, are the pharmaceutical and biochemical industries. 

As both human and veterinary medicine expand their armamentarium into more powerful classes of therapeutic agents, the range of drugs with a potential of use in food-producing animals is continuously widening. The Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) of the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) has estimated that as many as 400 substances, not all of which are veterinary drugs, have the potential for use in food animal production (2). 

In November, 1988, the EU Commission notified the United States that the hormone directive would apply to all meat, including pork and horse-meat. The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) informed the European Union that the United States has no hormonal substances approved for use in pork or horse-meat. The Commission indicated that tlie United States needed a residue testing program for these meats to be in compliance with the directive. In December, 1988, the European Union approved a counterretaliation list, but implementation was postponed until January, 1989, On January 1, 1989, the European Union hormone ban and the US retaliation measures took effect. 

By the end of the 1950s, atrazine was introduced for weed control on railroad tracks and rights-of-way and in com production in Europe. The initial federal approval in the United States occurred in December 1958 when the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) registered Geigy Atrazine 50W for use in com and for nonselective weed control in noncrop areas. In 1959 Atrazine 80 W was registered, which in 1970 was trademarked as AAtrex and quickly became a leading herbicide in the United States. 

US Department of Agriculture (USDA) (1999). Citrus Canker Eradication Program Environmental Assessment. April pp. 1-14. 

US Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) (2007). Noncitrus Fruits and Nuts 2006 Summary. Washington, DC Agricultural Statistics Board. 

Also think about quarantines if you plan to import or export plants from the United States. In 1912, the Federal Plant Quarantine Act was passed to prevent the introduction of foreign pathogens into the United States. Federal plant quarantine laws limit the importation of plants, plant products (even seeds), and soil from other countries. Some states have their own, more restrictive, exclusions. Before you bring any plant into this country, check with the US. Department of Agriculture (USDA) and your state department of agriculture to see if any restrictions apply. Write to USDA/APHIS/PP Q, Federal Center Building, Hyattsville, MD 20782, for information. 

Risk of dietary exposure to fenthion is largely due to potential residues in beef meat and fat while it can be excreted in cow s milk, US Department of Agriculture (USDA) analyses of close to 1300 samples yielded no detections. The US Environmental Protection Agency s (US EPA s) most recent re-registration documents contain data on potential dietary exposure, but these estimates have not been refined because of the change in use of the pesticide. 

Nitrites are generally not classified as human carcinogens. Under certain conditions nitrites may combine with amines in the body to form nitrosamines. There are a number of different nitrosamines many are regulated as human carcinogens. Certain chemicals, such as vitamin C (ascorbic acid), can limit the transformation of nitrites to nitrosamines. US Department of Agriculture (USDA) requires the addition of ascorbic acid or erythorbic acid to bacon cure to reduce the risk of nitrosamine formation. 

Large scale applications were developed in the fertilizer industry during the first half of this century, While early research of the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) on the granulation of fertilizers, which started in 1922, aroused some interest among fertilizer manufacturers, little commercial adoption took place until the 1950s. 

---