E. coli uropathogenic

In a few cases, proanthocyanidins act by inhibiting adhesion of bacterial populations to human cells. Clinical, epidemiological and mechanistic studies supported the role of cranberry in maintaining the health of the urinary tract thorough the prevention of adhesion of P-fimbriated uropathogenic E. coli... 

Fig. 53. Mannosylated dendron based on a poly-L-lysine scaffold. This construct leads to subnanomolar inhibitory potency against uropathogenic E. coli,336...

Kuehn, M. J., Heuser, J., Normark, S., and Hultgren, S. J. (1992). P pili in uropathogenic E. coli are composite fibres with distinct fibrillar adhesive tips. Nature 356, 252-255. 

The adhesion protein FimH mediates the attachment of uropathogenic E. coli strains with the host cell glycocalyx and specifically recognizes mannosylated structures. In 2002, Lin et al. first demonstrated that the glyco-AuNP can be used as a probe for staining the binding protein on the cell surface through carbohydrate-receptor interactions [67], Man-AuNPs were used to visualize the FimH adhesins on the type I pili of E. coli via transmission electron microscopy. 

Cranberries have been used traditionally for the treatment and prevention of urinary tract infections. Their effectiveness was demonstrated by a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial (Avom et ah, 1994). Escherichia coli are the principal bacterial species responsible for urinary tract infection. The consumption of cranberry juice reduced the adherence of E. coli to the uroepithelial bladder cells in healthy human volunteers (Di Martino et ah, 2006). A-type procyanidin dimers and trimers that were isolated from cranberries were found to inhibit the adherence of uropathogenic E. Coli, whereas (—)-epicatechin and a B-type dimer were not effective (Foo et ah, 2000). 

Two types of uropathogenic E. coli bacterial pili, P and type 1, which are predominantly expressed by E. coli in the upper and lower urinary tracts, have been scrutinized in some detail using FMOT. A model for the bond opening of the LL bond in the helix-like structure as well as the opening of the HT bond between consecutive subunits in the rod, based upon an energy landscape model and a kinetic model (of sticky-chain type) for the bond opening,... 

Uropathogenic E. coli cause 90% of the urinary tract infections. The bacteria colonize from the feces or perineal region and ascend the urinary tract to the bladder. With the aid of specific adhesins (pyelonephritis-associated pili) they are able to colonize the bladder. Another factor involved in the pathogenicity of the uropathogenic strains of E. coli is their resistance to complement-dependent bactericidal effect of serum. This phenomenon is associated with the presence of a capsule, which decrease the ability of antibodies and/or complement to bind to the bacterial surface, which in turn prevents the phagocytes from recognizing and engulfing the bacterial cells. 

E. coli is responsible for 85% of urinary tract infections (20). Virtually all E. coli express type 1 fimbrae, and most uropathogenic E. coli express P fimbriae, which are responsible for mediating the adherence of the bacteria to uroepithelial cells (18). Fructose is responsible for inhibiting the adherence of type-1-fimbriated E. coli, whereas a polymeric compound inhibits P-fim-briated E. coli (18). Recently, a study (21) identified this polymeric compound as condensed tannins (proanthocyanidins) based on the ability of proanthocyanidins purified from cranberries to inhibit the ability of P-fimbri-ated E. coli to attach to isolated uroepithelial cells at concentrations of 10-50 ug/mL. Blueberries, another member of the Vaccinium genus, may be a more palatable source of proanthicyanidins. 

Berberine sulfate was found to have no effect on the growth of uropathogenic E. coli or on the synthesis of major outer membrane proteins, but it did block adhesion of the organisms to erythrocytes and to epithelial cells. The decreased adhesion was accompanied by a reduction in the synthesis of fimbria subunits and in the expression of assembled fimbriae, suggesting that the anti-infective activity of the alkaloid in . co/i-induced UTI may be mediated by the selective suppression of the synthesis and assembly of fimbriae by these organisms [207]. 

In postmenopausal women with recurrent infections, the lack of estrogen results in changes in the bacterial flora of the vagina, resulting in increased colonization with uropathogenic E. coli. Topically administered estrogen cream is reported to reduce the incidence of infections in this population." ... 

P-related (Prf) and S-fimbriae [17]. P fimbriae of uropathogenic E. coli strains present three known classes of adhesin variants namely PapGI, PapGII, and PapGIII with different binding properties [18]. 

Fimbrial adhesins may be visualized by electron microscopy. However, the processing for analysis by electron microscopy might cause alterations of the specimens, e.g. by dehydration. This might result in the collapse of certain fimbriae. Therefore, despite no fimbriae are visible by electron microscopy the afimbrial adhesins of the Dr family, e.g. AfaE of diarrheagenic and uropathogenic E. coli in fact assemble... 

Receptor for uropathogenic E, coli Cancer-associated antigen (T-antigen)... 

Thumbikat P, Berry RE, Schaeffer AJ, Klumpp DJ. 2009a. Differentiation-induced uroplakin 111 expression promotes urothelial cell death in response to uropathogenic E. coli. Microbes Infect ll(l) 57-65. 

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